It is very common for slaughtered sows and stagnant sows to produce at the large-scale pig farms. In the hot summer months, the elimination rate of some pig farms due to obstructed labor is as high as 50%! This results in the problem that “the sow has a baby but cannot be bornâ€. As a result, some pig farm managers attributed the obstructed birth to the fetus to a large extent and adopted a method of not attacking the fetus during the attacking period to reduce the difficult birth rate by reducing the birth weight. Indeed, after the implementation of this method, the difficult birth rate is reduced, but the decrease in the birth weight of piglets results in a decrease in viability, which in turn reduces the survival rate in lactation because the maternal antibody levels and antibody levels of the first-term sows are already low. The resistance of piglets is relatively poor. If the birth weight is lower, the resistance will be even worse. In this way, the dilemma of "get born, but not live" appears.
The author believes that the method of reducing the hard-to-yield rate by reducing the birth weight is a kind of technology that “removes the east wall to fill the west wallâ€. Although it may temporarily solve a problem, another problem arises from this. This kind of technology is a stupid, mentally handicapped technology.
We must find the best of both worlds that can really solve the problem.
First of all, don't worry too much about slewing that leads to fattening sows. Tests have shown that, even after 100 days of gestation, the sow’s net gain does not change even if she ingests double energy.
Secondly, we must avoid the technique of “removing the east wall and repairing the Western Wall†- to sacrifice piglet vitality in order to avoid difficult labor.
Again, melons ripe. A contender may help to initiate a childbirth. The onset of fetal activity facilitates activation of the fetal hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis: the fetus grows rapidly, and the placenta has increased metabolic demands, thereby stimulating placental synthesis of PGE2. PGE2 activates the fetal-pituitary-adrenal axis; fetal development favors fetal development: fetal maturation - fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation, secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) - endometrial synthesis of prostaglandins (PGF2α) - dissolves the corpus luteum and stimulates uterine contractions. Malnutrition and certain disease factors cause the fetus to fail to develop normally and mature. Delay in delivery will occur. The attack will benefit physical stimulation: the growth of the fetal membranes, the development of the fetus will increase the volume of the uterus, and the weight will increase. Especially in the late pregnancy, the fetus will quickly Development and maturation, the pressure on the uterus beyond its bearing capacity, causing the uterus to reflex contraction, start delivery. Insufficient sizing is not conducive to starting a childbirth. Delaying childbirth also causes the fetus to be too large and increases the risk of dystocia.
Finally, to find the source of dystocia can prevent the occurrence of dystocia!
The success of childbirth depends on three factors, namely the birth canal, the productivity, the birth canal and the fetus.
In terms of the birth canal, there are points for the hard birth canal (pelvic mouth) and the soft birth canal (cervix, vagina, vulva). Judging from the sow's anatomical characteristics, it is not easy to cause dystocia, because the pig's pelvic entrance is oval, with a large inclination, the bottom of the pelvis is wide and flat, the pelvis is tilted down axially, and almost straight, the fetus is easier to pass through . However, if the initial deployment time is too early, it may lead to poor pelvic ostia and stenosis; in addition, the primiparous sows are also prone to incomplete dissolution of the corpus luteum, resulting in incomplete cervical patency.
In terms of productivity, there are two ways to discharge the fetus. One is the rhythmic contraction of the uterus, called contraction, one is the reflexive contraction of the abdominal muscles and diaphragmatic muscles, called anger. The contraction is dominated by hormones mainly oxytocin. Oxytocin is mainly transmitted from the fetus to the stimulation of the birth canal and is secreted by the brain from the hypothalamus. The factors affecting secretion and transmission of oxytocin may affect the strength and rhythm of contraction. There are two issues worthy of our attention here. One is that oxytocin secretion needs to transmit stimulation signals. Any factor that affects signal transmission may lead to insufficient secretion of oxytocin. For example, most animals choose to give birth at night because the evening is quiet. It facilitates the delivery of delivery information. In addition, constipation, high temperatures can affect the secretion of oxytocin; another problem that deserves our attention is that the contraction of the uterus is a contraction instead of a sustained contraction (or spastic contraction), because the uterine contraction, the fetus blood supply Obstructed, is hypoxia, the benefit of contraction is alternating contraction and relaxation, so that the fetus can "slow". If we improperly inject oxytocin, it may cause uterine spasmodic contraction and cause the fetus to die of oxygen deprivation. Therefore, it is clinically found that the increase in stillbirths due to improper use of oxytocin-induced midwifery is the reason.
In terms of the fetus, the main areas are the fetal position, fetal position, fetal orientation, abnormal preconditions, and excessive fetal and malformations. According to statistics, the fetus is the main cause of dystocia, and the cause of dystocia in the fetus is mainly caused by the potential of the fetus, fetal position, fetal orientation, and anterior abnormalities. In addition, lack of amniotic fluid, premature rupture of water is also an important factor in the fetus to lead to long production and then cause dystocia.
In summary, the causes of dystocia are summarized in six main areas. which is:
Too early: The timing of the breeding is too early and the body shape is “too goodâ€, leading to a narrow pelvic orifice.
Over-fertilization: Mainly due to body shape adjustment (30 to 75 days of pregnancy) and breast development (75 to 95 days of pregnancy). Excessive feeding leads to partial body fat, exceeding 3.5 points, causing uterine contraction and fatigue.
Cross-knot: Sows during pregnancy, especially constipation during the second trimester of pregnancy, affect the start of delivery and secretion of oxytocin after absorption of toxins in the gut.
Overheating: When the delivery room temperature is too high during delivery, the sow is in a stress state, which is not conducive to the start of delivery. It is not conducive to the transmission of the delivery signal and is not conducive to the balance and stability of the body fluid electrolyte, which is detrimental to the ongoing anger and responsibilities.
Overfullness: Prepartum feeding is not conducive to start delivery.
There was noisyness: The unfair delivery environment led to obstruction of childbirth signaling and insufficient secretion of oxytocin.
At this point, we already know that the causes of dystocia in first-mother sows are many, and most of them are caused by improper management. According to the follow-up survey conducted by the authors on large-scale pig farms, the birth weight of some sows and newly born sows is 1.5. Above kg, no dystocia has occurred. It can be said that the birth weight has not been "heavy" to the point of causing dystocia!
Therefore, in production, we must not only prevent dystocia but also increase the vitality of piglets. The specific solution, in order to facilitate everyone's memory, the author summarized the “very 6+1†plan to prevent sows from giving birth and increase the vitality of piglets for pig farm managers to use for reference.
"6" means "six but no." which is
However, as early as possible: the initial match must be up to standard. External ternary sows, the initial weight distribution of about 130 ~ 140kg, about 230 ~ 240 days of age; about two sows, the initial weight distribution of about 120 ~ 130kg, more than 210 days of age, back boring 18mm or more within 22mm . When selecting seeds, choose good motherhood. Sows are selected according to the sow's standard, rather than the sow's sow.
But fat: control the public opinion. Pregnancy 30-75 days, 3 minutes, 75-95 days, 3.25 minutes, attacking period, 3.5-3.75 points.
However, knot: constipation is always harmful to the sow, Professor Liu said a very classic saying: "Rising a pig is to raise the intestines." I think it makes sense. The health of the intestines, the volume of the intestines, the health of the body, the ease of delivery, and the amount of feed consumed during lactation are of great benefit. Therefore, we must exercise the gut to supplement the bowel Nutrition such as intestinal and green feed.
But hot: Pigs are cold, pigs are hot, and sows are particularly afraid of heat. The optimum temperature of the sow is 18-22°C. The temperature of the delivery room must be controlled in a controlled manner. The sow's somatosensory temperature should be controlled within 25°C, and the incubator temperature should be controlled between 33°C and 35°C (the first 3 days). The sow's temperature did not drop, and all other measures were pale and powerless.
However, it is sufficient to gradually reduce the amount of feeding 3 days before delivery and feed 2 kg on the day before delivery.
But noisy: keep the delivery room quiet, soft light, eliminate the entrance of strangers, reduce the stress of childbirth.
"1" refers to a remedy. which is
Prenatal work done three tasks: First, the care of pigs to give birth, give mat grass nest, help to reduce the stress of childbirth; Second, 1 to 3 days before feeding Pei Kang (Wai Kang) 100ml, will help Increase uterine muscle strength, increase amniotic fluid; Third, 1 day before injection of chlorprostinol 1 ~ 2ml (0.1mg/ml), conducive to the dissolution of the corpus luteum, start delivery, increase productivity.
In the production of 5 jobs, that is, midwifery "lose, friction, change, step, pull" 5 words.
"Transfusion", the intrapartum infusion, is primarily aimed at correcting electrolyte imbalances, supplementing energy, reducing inflammatory factors, and antibacterial. Infusion solution: the first bottle: physiological saline 500ml + Zoute star 30ml; second bottle: 10% glucose 500ml + strong immunity 30ml and animal power source 30ml.
"Mo", that is, when giving birth, for the sow breast massage, you can go for massage, but also allows the pig to take a natural massage when in time. Therefore, Mr. Piggy’s first milking can help the born pigs to be born successfully.
"Change" means that if the sow is separated by more than 30 minutes, the sow will stand up and change her posture to help correct the position of the fetus.
"Stepping on", as I said before, the fetus has two kinds of power, one is shrank, and the other is anger. When you see the contraction of the fetus squeezing up, step on the bulging area and increase the power of anger and make it easier for the baby to get out.
“Pullâ€, when encountering the following conditions, it is necessary to help pull out the fetus in time: punish the weak contraction, unable to expel the fetus; the birth canal is narrow or the fetus is too large, the output is stagnant; the fetus is difficult to pass through the vulva, delayed no progress. When you see the front part of the fetus revealing the vulva, the fetus is pulled out in time to save the sow's energy. Note that you must avoid reaching into the birth canal to pull, so as not to increase the chance of infection. Pigs' stillbirths often occur at the end of the delivery of a few fetuses. At the end of the output period, if there is still a fetus that has not produced and the stagnation is delayed, it is best to use drugs to induce labor.
There are no congenital causes of birth-born dystocia in newly born sows. All dystocia, either because of administrative reasons leading to productive stagnation (prelude to dystocia), or accidental factors leading to fetal dystocia (such as fetal potential, fetal position, fetal orientation, dysphagia caused by abnormalities in front). As long as the implementation of the "very 6 + 1" program in management, the early production of sows difficult to produce can be prevented and avoided, and the early production of sows can also be a moderate degree of sewer. The so-called "moderate" is that the time for gutting is later, and it can be carried out after 100 days of pregnancy; the quantity is less, the feeding amount of gutting is controlled at about 2.75kg; the record is fine, the birth weight is recorded, and the birth weight of the first born sow pig is heavy. It is ideal to control about 1.3kg.
Sulfamethazine
Sulfonamides are broad-spectrum bacteriostatic agents, similar to p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) in structure. They can compete with PABA to act on difolate synthase in bacteria, so as to prevent the process of synthesizing folic acid required by bacteria as raw material and reduce the amount of tetrahydrofolate with metabolic activity. The latter is the synthesis of purine, thymidine and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) by bacteria Therefore, it inhibits the growth and reproduction of bacteria. The effect of sulfonamides can be antagonized by PABA and its derivatives (procaine and tetracaine). In addition, the presence of pus and tissue decomposition products also plays an antagonistic role, because it can provide essential substances for bacterial growth.
Description of use
An antibacterial sulfonamide; Induction of CYP3A4 expression and acetylation by N-acetyltransferase; It shows sex dependent pharmacokinetics and produces metabolic changes through male specific isomer CYP2C11; Inhibit dihydrofolate synthase to hinder folate synthesis. Equivalent to sulfadiazine. It is suitable for the treatment of hemolytic streptococcus, meningococcus, pneumococcus and other infectious diseases with long-lasting effect.
It is used as feed additive to prevent and control the infection of Staphylococcus and hemolytic streptococcus, that is, it is mainly used to treat avian cholera, avian typhoid, chicken coccidiosis, etc.
It is used to prevent the infection of Staphylococcus and soluble Streptococcus, inhibit hemolytic streptococcus and pleurisy coccus, and mainly treat avian cholera, avian typhoid, chicken coccidiosis, etc
It is used as an antibacterial agent to prevent and treat the infection of Staphylococcus and hemolytic streptococcus. It is suitable for the treatment of hemolytic streptococcus, meningococcus, pneumococcus and other infections. It is mainly used to treat avian cholera, avian typhoid fever, chicken coccidiosis, etc.
Sulfamethazine is a traditional antibacterial and anticoccidial drug. It has been widely used in coccidiosis of livestock and poultry in China. The anti coccidia mechanism and peak period of sulfamethazine are the same as Sulfaquinoxaline.
purpose
â‘´ the effect of poultry sulfamethazine on chicken coccidia is the same as that of Sulfaquinoxaline, that is, it is more effective on chicken small intestinal coccidia than cecal coccidia. If you want to control cecal coccidia, you must use high concentration drugs.
Sulfamethazine also does not affect the host's immunity to coccidia. In addition, its antibacterial activity is stronger than Sulfaquinoxaline. Therefore, it is more suitable for coccidia complicated infection.
Coccidia turkeyi can be administered with sodium salt drinking water at a daily dose of 110 ~ 290mg per kilogram of body weight.
(2) for other rabbit coccidiosis, 0.5% medicine can be used for one week, and it can be used for another week after stopping the medicine for one week, or it can be fed for three days according to the daily dose of 109mg / kg body weight. For prevention, o.1% medicine can be used continuously for 2 ~ 4 weeks.
Mink and other coccidiosis can be taken orally at the concentration of 0.5%.
It is effective to treat Eimeria bovis and Eimeria Qiu infection in calves with 5g per 45kg body weight for 5 days.
Lamb coccidiosis can be treated with 0.4% medicine or 0.1% sodium salt for 7 ~ 9 days.
Use attention
(1) long term continuous feeding of sulfamethazine can cause serious toxic reactions. If it is fed at the concentration of 0.5% for 8 days, it will cause hemorrhagic infarction and swelling of spleen in chicks. Continuous feeding at 1% concentration for 3 days can significantly affect weight gain, prolong hemagglutination time and even bleeding lesions due to obstruction of intestinal vitamin K synthesis. Therefore, intermittent dosing method should be used for this product.
(2) laying hens are forbidden.
(3) the rest period is 5 days for broilers, 10 days for turkeys and 11 days for beef cattle.
Sulfamethazine Injection,Sulfadimerazine 33% Injection,Sulfadimerazine 33%,Sulfadimerazine 33% Injection Veterinary
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