Nutrition management
After 7 days to 10 days after the dry milk, the milk in the breast has been absorbed by the mammary gland. When the breast has shrunk, the fine material and the juicy material can be gradually increased. Within 5 days to 7 days, the dry period of the pregnancy can be reached. Feeding standards for feeding.
Dry milk cows have far less nutritional needs than lactating cows. If the dry cow is over-fed, it will cause the cow to become over-fat. The result will be difficult to produce, and the mother-son security will be threatened. In general, after cows have had dystocia, they are more likely to cause incomplete fertility, endometritis, and infertility. Therefore, the most important thing to keep in the dry period is to control excessive nutrition and accumulate excess fat. At the same weight, dry cows have much less nutrient requirements than dry cows with a daily milk yield of 13 to 14 kg. For example, crude protein is equivalent to 50% of the need for lactating cattle, energy, Calcium and phosphorus are only equivalent to 50% to 60%. It can be seen that there is a large gap between the nutritional needs of dry cows and lactating cows. Therefore, dry cows should be separated from the lactating herd to separate them and it is difficult to control the nutritional level of dry cows.
The feeding of dry dairy cows is generally carried out according to feeding standards with a daily milk yield of about 10 kilograms. At any time, the body condition of dry cows is checked for changes in body condition. The body condition should be in the middle and upper level, and the appearance of the coat should be light and bright. Corners, etc., still have milky edges and corners. According to the body condition and flexible control of feeding, avoid rigidly applied. For poorly malnourished high-producing cows, it is advisable to have more weight-bearing cows whose body weight requirements are 10% to 15% higher than that of lactation. Only by having the upper body condition can we guarantee a higher milk yield during the next lactation period. For medium and low-yielding cows with good nutritional status, generally only high-quality coarse materials can be given.
According to regulations, dry milk should account for 2.0% of body weight of dietary dry matter, NND 1.73, CP 11%-12%, calcium 0.6%, phosphorus 0.3% per kilogram of feed dry matter, fine material and coarse material ratio 25:75 The crude fiber content is not less than 20%.
Dry cow diets are generally fed with 8 kg to 10 kg of high quality hay per head, 15 kg to 20 kg of juiciness (including about half the quality silage) and 1 kg to 4 kg of mixed concentrate. Crude, juicy feed should not be fed too much, so as not to oppress the fetus, or even lead to premature birth. Salt and minerals can be placed in the mineral pits of the Happy Sports Ground, allowing them to feed freely. When feed is mainly made of legume forage, minerals containing high-phosphorus should be supplemented. When using grass-based forage as the main ingredient, both calcium and phosphorus must be supplemented. It is advisable to supplement calcium hydrogen phosphate. Daily intake of 100 grams of calcium per head, phosphorus 35 grams to 40 grams.
When dietary selenium and vitamin E deficiency, easy to cause no placental retention, for this reason, about 20 days before delivery, injection of selenium - vitamin E preparations, can make the uterine smooth muscle after delivery of directional peristalsis, discharge the tires may be Achieve 90% prevention rate. At the same time, selenium and vitamin E have anti-mammitis effect. The study confirmed that dry cows fed 1.0 g of vitamin E per day or 0.1 mg of selenium/kg of body weight not only prevented the retention of placenta, and the incidence of mastitis decreased by 37% and 12%, respectively, while the duration of clinical symptoms was shortened. Simultaneous recharge of vitamin E and selenium for 60 days before delivery can reduce the incidence of postpartum lactation by 57% and 32.4%, respectively, within 4 days and during the whole lactation period. Feed quality requirements
In terms of feed quality, feeds should not be fed with spoilage, otherwise it will cause diarrhea or even miscarriage. Do not feed rapeseed cakes, cottonseed cakes, germinated potatoes, or sweetpotato with black spot disease during late pregnancy, and do not feed sourdoughs that are too acidic. To allow the cattle to enjoy activities, more sun, after the cow body by sunlight, the skin 7 ~ dehydrocholesterol can be converted to vitamin D3, only in the participation of vitamin D, calcium and phosphorus can be normal absorption metabolism. After the grass is exposed to sunlight, ergosterol in the grass can be converted into vitamin D2. Therefore, feeding more sun-dried hay can be of great significance to dry cows.
Optimize scientific management
In terms of management, the upper and lower troughs of dry cows should be properly handled, especially in the case of dry cows and lactating cows. If there is a field under the trough, the cows are first allowed to dry, and after they are walked out of the cowshed, other dairy cows are released. When they are in the trough, the cows will rush to the front and back in the cowshed. At this time, the breeder should be outside the cowshed door, and the dry cows should be properly controlled so that other cows can enter the cowshed first. After each bed is on, the cows can be put on the trough. The so-called dry cow management method "early slot, night slot". Practice has proved that in the case of polyculture, the use of this method will significantly reduce the risk of bruises and miscarriages. In addition, the cow's channel should be kept dry or bedding to prevent slipping. The cow bed is kept clean and dry, and the cow dung is scraped off in time, often changing the mat grass, keeping it clean to prevent breast infection.
In order to promote the development and renewal of mammary gland tissue during dry milk, it lays a good foundation for the secretion of secretory milk for the next lactation period. Daily breast massage 2 to 3 times, 5 minutes to 10 minutes each time, but the nipple should be disinfected afterwards. Two to three weeks before labor, when the breasts begin to inflate, the breasts stop being massaged. Tests have shown that the technical measures for breast massage during the dry period can increase milk production by about 5% to 10%.
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