In order to strengthen the scientific fertilization guidance for the main crops in autumn and winter, improve the efficiency of fertilizer utilization, increase crop yield, increase farmers' income and sustainable development of agriculture, according to the characteristics of fertilizer demand for main crops in autumn and winter, the results of soil testing and formula fertilization project are the main basis. Guiding advice on the main crop science fertilization in autumn and winter of 2014.
All localities should focus on the three goals of “promoting increase in production, improving efficiency, and ensuring safetyâ€, and based on the concept of “increasing production and fertilization, economic fertilization, and environmentally friendly fertilizationâ€, determine the rational fertilization amount of major crops in the region according to local conditions, and optimize the fertilizer distribution ratio. Select a suitable fertilization period, improve fertilization methods, ensure stable crop yield and high yield, and improve fertilizer utilization efficiency.
At the same time, we must adhere to the combination of scientific fertilization and fertilization, encourage the application of organic fertilizers, promote straw returning, plant and use green manure, improve soil and fertility, and improve soil comprehensive output capacity.
I. Guidance on scientific fertilization of winter wheat
(1) Irrigation winter wheat area in North China Plain (including all of Shandong Province and Tianjin City, Central and Southern Hebei Province, Central and Southern Beijing, Central and Northern Henan Province, Guanzhong Plain of Shaanxi Province, Southern Shanxi Province)
1. Problems in fertilization and principles of fertilization
In view of the excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer in winter wheat in North China Plain, the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients is not balanced, the amount of base fertilizer is high, the area of ​​one-time fertilization is large, the supply of nitrogen fertilizer is insufficient in the later stage, and the deficiency of trace elements such as zinc and boron occurs. With the problems of shallow tillage, poor water retention and fertilizer retention, the following fertilization principles are proposed:
- According to the soil fertilization results, the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer is appropriately reduced;
- Nitrogen fertilizer should be applied in several stages, and the proportion of application in the middle and late growth stages should be appropriately increased;
- Efficient application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers according to soil fertility conditions;
- Increase the application of organic fertilizer, promote the cooperation of organic and inorganic, increase the strength of straw returning, and improve the ability of soil water retention and fertilizer conservation;
- Pay attention to the application of trace elements in sulfur, zinc, boron and manganese; (6) combine fertilizer application with high-yield and high-quality cultivation techniques. 2. Recommended fertilizer formula and fertilization recommendations
Recommended formula: 15-20-12 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula.
Fertilization recommendations: (1) the production level of 400-500 kg / mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer 24-30 kg / acre, from the start-up period to the jointing stage combined with irrigation and urea 13-16 kg / mu; (2) the production level of 500- 600 kg / mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 30-36 kg / mu, from the start-up period to the jointing stage combined with irrigation and urea 60-20 kg / mu; (3) the output level of 600 kg / mu or more, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer 36- 42 kg/mu, from the period of the body to the jointing stage, combined with irrigation and 20-24 kg/mu of urea; (4) the output level is below 400 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 18-24 kg/mu, and the combination is from the beginning to the jointing stage. Irrigation and application of urea 10-13 kg / mu.
In the sulfur-deficient area, sulfur can be applied at a rate of 2 kg/mu. If other sulfur-containing fertilizers are used, the amount of sulfur can be reduced. In the zinc-deficient or manganese-deficient areas, zinc sulfate or manganese sulfate can be applied 1-2 kg/mu. In the boron area, borax may be applied at a concentration of 0.5 to 1 kg/mu. It is recommended to combine the "one spray three prevention" to spray the trace element foliar fertilizer in the grain filling stage of wheat or to spray the surface with 150-200 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.5 kg of urea to 50 kg of water.
If the base fertilizer is applied with organic fertilizer, the amount of chemical fertilizer can be reduced as appropriate. (2) North China rain-fed winter wheat area (including the north of the Huaihe River in Jiangsu and Anhui provinces, southeast of Henan Province)
1. Problems in fertilization and principles of fertilization
For the rain-fed winter wheat area in North China, the soil is dominated by mortar black soil, the soil fertility is not high, the available phosphorus is relatively low, and the lack of trace elements such as zinc and boron occur frequently. The soil is shallow, the water retention capacity is poor, and so on. , propose the following fertilization principles:
- According to the results of fertilization by soil testing formula, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer is appropriately reduced and the amount of phosphate fertilizer is increased;
- Increase the application of organic fertilizer, promote the cooperation of organic and inorganic, increase the strength of straw returning, and improve the ability of soil water retention and fertilizer conservation;
- Pay attention to the application of trace elements such as zinc, boron and manganese;
- Fertilizer application is combined with high-yield and high-quality cultivation techniques. 2. Recommended fertilizer formula and fertilization recommendations 2.1 base chasing combined fertilization program
Recommended formula: 18-15-12 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula.
This article URL: Guiding Opinions on Main Crop Science Fertilization in Autumn and Winter of 2014
LED Batten Lights,LED Batten Lights Fitting,LED Batten Fittings
Ningbo Wellway Optoelectronic Technology Co.,Ltd , https://www.wellwayopto.com