In the cold winter, timely, proper, and scientific watering of greenhouse vegetables is a crucial management measure to ensure the yield and quality of vegetables and improve the efficiency of vegetables.
Based on many years of practical experience, the author believes that the following points must be paid special attention to watering vegetables in winter:
Drip irrigation. The change from ordinary ditch watering to drip irrigation under the membrane can increase the ground temperature by about 5°C and reduce the air humidity by about 10%, thus reducing the disease by more than 30%.
The amount of water should not be too large. At low temperature, the soil moisture in the greenhouse slowly evaporates, and the water requirement decreases accordingly. Therefore, the amount of watering may be smaller, the interval time may be longer, and flooding should be avoided so as to prevent the roots of vegetables from falling due to low temperature and high humidity. The principle of watering is to meet the water content needed for vegetables, and it is best to combine watering with fertilization.
Reasonably arrange watering time. Watering vegetables in winter greenhouses should be arranged before and after noon. It is better to use before 10 o'clock in the morning before 10 o'clock in the afternoon. The greenhouse temperature during this period is relatively high, and the side effects after watering are minimal. Avoid watering in the early morning and evening to prevent freezing of vegetables. Watering should use well water as much as possible, because the well water temperature is higher, which can reduce the physiological stimulation of vegetables. The method of increasing the temperature of water can also be used, that is, a reservoir is built in the greenhouse, and water is first used to raise the temperature in the reservoir and then water the vegetables. This method is simple, practical and effective. The disadvantage is that it takes up some space in the shed.
Look at the watering day. According to the weather conditions, grasp the principles of sunny days, more pouring, cloudy, less pouring or not pouring, snow and wind should not avoid the principle of watering. When the weather changes from sunny to cloudy, the amount of watering should be gradually reduced and the interval time should be lengthened. From cloudy to sunny, the amount of watering should be small to large, and the interval should be shortened.
Look at the vegetables watering. Different types of vegetables and different growing seasons require different amounts of water and different watering methods should be adopted. Under normal circumstances, the growth period of leafy vegetables is shorter, the water demand is more concentrated, the amount of watering should be larger, and the watering interval should be shorter. Vegetable seedlings planting period should be suitable for watering seedlings, hair control watering. When the first fruits of fruit vegetables begin to expand, the amount of watering should be gradually increased. The result is the peak period of water demand, and it is necessary to maintain adequate moisture.
Different parts of the watering are focused. There is a large difference in temperature between the various parts of the greenhouse, and the amount of watering must also be different. For example, in the southern part of the greenhouse and near heat sources such as stoves and flue pipes, the temperature is higher, the amount of soil moisture evaporates, and the amount of water should be larger; The temperature is low in the side and the north, the sunshine duration is short, and the amount of watering should be less.
After watering, do a good job of managing shed vegetables. After watering in winter, it is easy to cause problems such as low temperature, high humidity, and many diseases in the greenhouse. Therefore, the first two days after watering, the temperature should be raised to about 40°C at noon first, and the shed should be raised for one hour to increase the temperature in the greenhouse. Then increase the ventilation and reduce the humidity in the booth. In order to reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests in greenhouse vegetables, pesticides are more susceptible to the incidence of diseases and spraying.
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