The post-flowering management of pear trees is a critical period of the year's management. Whether or not comprehensive management measures are implemented during this period directly affects the quality of the fruit.
First, thinning the fruit after a week of fruit thinning, will be part of the weak fruit, malformed fruit, lotus fruit all dredged, and then leave the fruit according to the distance, usually leave a fruit according to 20 cm pear, snow pear 30-35 centimeters to stay As a result, it is best to complete the set before bagging on May 20. When the fruit is thinned, the young pear tree 2/3 leaves the double fruit, 1/3 leaves the single fruit; the middle and upper part of the periphery leaves the double fruit, the middle and lower part leaves the single fruit. Snowflake Pears all stay in single fruit, leaving fruit in the fruit when there is less fruit. Big trees generally stay single. Attention should be paid to keeping the fruits in order, leaving 1-2 for the Yali pears, and the second order for the pears. In addition, the fruit thinning should be determined according to the variety and tree potential. Generally, 1-2 good fruits per inflorescence are left, and the ratio of leaf to fruit is kept at 25-30:1.
Second, top dressing
1. Top dressing after flowering. After flowering, the young fruit and new shoots grow rapidly. In this period, the top dressing can make the new shoot grow robustly, expand the leaf area, increase the photosynthetic productivity, and reduce the physiological fruit drop. Fertilizer is dominated by nitrogen fertilizers, with phosphate fertilizers.
2. Fertilizer before fertilizer differentiation. During this period, some new shoots have stopped growing. The young fruit is rapidly expanding. Applying proper amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in time will increase the photosynthetic efficiency of the leaves and promote the accumulation of nutrients, which is beneficial to the differentiation of flower buds and reduce the phenomenon of size. Fertilizer consumption depends on the strength of the tree, the number of fruits, and the type of fertilizer.
Third, fruit bagging bagging in mid-May. The effective insecticidal bactericide is sprayed in front of the bagging, and 2000 times of thiophanate-methyl 1500 times solution of the pyrethroid insecticide is preferred, and the bagging is followed by spraying. According to different pear varieties, 50 grams of single or double or triple blue and black paper bags can be selected. When using fruit set, iron wire should be used to hold the handle and prevent the yellowfly from entering. It is better to pour water once before set of fruit, and to strengthen fertilizer and water management after bagging.
IV. After the pests are dropped, it is the peak of breeding and activities of various pests. The occurrence and concentration of pests and diseases begin to harm the pears. The main diseases are pear scab, ring rot disease, pests are pear wood hoe, pear stem bee, green clerodendron, pear yellow mealworms, Cornell powder and so on. One week after flower fall, thiophanate-methyl 1000 times plus pyrethroid pesticide 1500 times solution can be used for the first prevention; after two weeks, difenoconazole can be used to control scab, 5000 times or diniconazole 2000 times. Liquid, fluorosiliconazole 3000 times plus acetamiprid 2000 times solution and 1500-2000 times solution of methombic salt for the second prevention.
The calcium-deficient orchard sprayed 600-1000 times liquid calcium fertilizer 1 week after flowering, once a month, and sprayed three times. Before bagging, it is necessary to spray 800 times of big fresh water to prevent bagging black spots and make the fruit surface smooth. From mid-April to early May, when the wintering eggs of the mealworms hatch into nymphs, they should be sprayed and prevented in time to prevent damage. Spraying is best when spraying, and 20% imidacloprid or acetamiprid can be used as an agent. In the middle of May, it is the critical period for the prevention and control of the first-generation pear beetle adult and the second-generation pear beetle nymph. It must be administered before the nymphs do not spit mucus. The agent can be selected as 1.8% abamectin 2000 times. Conservancy whitefly and blind pods like heavier orchards can be used with 1500 times fluids before spraying.
In addition, the spray should be kept away from the young fruit surface, the droplets should be fine and uniform; the order of the dispensing is to first mix the bactericide, the insecticide, and then add the diluted leaf fertilizer, if it cannot be timely bagged within 5 days after spraying. When it rains, it will need to be sprayed again and again.
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