[ China Pharmaceutical Network Health and Health ] As the saying goes, "the drug is a three-point drug," that is, any drug has certain side effects, and hypoglycemic drugs are no exception. Oral hypoglycemic agents remain the primary treatment for most people with diabetes. However, some of the side effects associated with hypoglycemic drugs have caused many diabetics to have doubts. So, what are the side effects of hypoglycemic agents and what are the ways to reduce the side effects of hypoglycemic agents?
What are the side effects of oral hypoglycemic drugs?
The commonly used hypoglycemic drugs are divided into five categories. The following is a brief introduction to the side effects of various hypoglycemic drugs:
1, sulfonylureas: including glyburide, mepyridin, Dameikang, sugar and equal. Such drugs are more common in hypoglycemia, and other rare side effects include rash allergic reactions, leukopenia, and the like.
2, Grenadines: including Novo and Dragon, Tang Li and so on. The side effects are mainly hypoglycemia, but the incidence is low and the degree is mild, and other side effects are rare.
3. Biguanides: including metformin and phenformin. The main side effects are loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, acid reflux and other digestive tract reactions. Other rare side effects include malnutrition anemia and lactic acidosis. Lactic acidosis is a very serious acute complication. It is more common in diabetic patients who take phenformin and have renal insufficiency. The patient is characterized by fatigue, rapid breathing, disturbance of consciousness and even coma. Metformin rarely causes lactic acidosis.
4, a-glycosidase inhibitors: including Bai Tangping, Bei Xin and so on. The side effects of these drugs are mainly gastrointestinal reactions, such as bloating, increased exhaustion, occasional abdominal pain, diarrhea.
5. Insulin sensitizer: including rosiglitazone and pioglitazone. A small number of people can cause sodium and water retention, causing swelling of the face and lower limbs, and aggravating heart failure. In addition, such drugs may also cause abnormal liver function, anemia and red blood cell reduction.
How to properly reduce and avoid the side effects of hypoglycemic drugs?
1. Some diabetic patients with liver and kidney dysfunction, acute and chronic complications of diabetes or during pregnancy or lactation, it is strictly forbidden to take insulin secretagogues and α-glucosidase inhibitors; at the same time, it is not possible to choose biguanide drugs; Insulin sensitizers, patients with the above conditions should be used with caution. For patients with renal disease, it is best to choose a drug that is excreted through the biliary tract. For patients with severe renal insufficiency, insulin therapy should be used instead.
2, in order to reduce and avoid the occurrence of hypoglycemia, patients in addition to pay attention to diet, try not to choose strong, long-acting oral hypoglycemic agents, and medication should start from a small dose, and gradually increase. Among the various types of hypoglycemic agents, only insulin secretagogues can cause severe hypoglycemia.
3. It is very important to take the medicine at the right time. For example, the biguanide drug is preferably taken during or after a meal, which can effectively reduce the gastrointestinal reaction of the patient. The α-glucosidase inhibitor needs to be chewed together with the first meal to achieve the best therapeutic effect and avoid adverse reactions. Insulin secretagogues are best taken half an hour before a meal.
4, obese patients with type 2 diabetes, high blood lipids, fatty liver, liver function abnormalities. For such special patients, blood and liver and kidney function should be checked 1 to 2 months during the medication.
5, try to use drugs together. Under the premise of ensuring the efficacy, the dosage of each drug can be reduced, thereby reducing the adverse reactions of the drug.
6, step by step medication. In general, the adaptation and tolerance of the gastrointestinal tract to the drug requires a process that must start with a small dose and gradually increase to the therapeutic dose after 1 to 2 weeks.
(Rational use of hypoglycemic agents to reduce side effects of drugs Source: Baidu Pictures)
What are the side effects of oral hypoglycemic drugs?
The commonly used hypoglycemic drugs are divided into five categories. The following is a brief introduction to the side effects of various hypoglycemic drugs:
1, sulfonylureas: including glyburide, mepyridin, Dameikang, sugar and equal. Such drugs are more common in hypoglycemia, and other rare side effects include rash allergic reactions, leukopenia, and the like.
2, Grenadines: including Novo and Dragon, Tang Li and so on. The side effects are mainly hypoglycemia, but the incidence is low and the degree is mild, and other side effects are rare.
3. Biguanides: including metformin and phenformin. The main side effects are loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, acid reflux and other digestive tract reactions. Other rare side effects include malnutrition anemia and lactic acidosis. Lactic acidosis is a very serious acute complication. It is more common in diabetic patients who take phenformin and have renal insufficiency. The patient is characterized by fatigue, rapid breathing, disturbance of consciousness and even coma. Metformin rarely causes lactic acidosis.
4, a-glycosidase inhibitors: including Bai Tangping, Bei Xin and so on. The side effects of these drugs are mainly gastrointestinal reactions, such as bloating, increased exhaustion, occasional abdominal pain, diarrhea.
5. Insulin sensitizer: including rosiglitazone and pioglitazone. A small number of people can cause sodium and water retention, causing swelling of the face and lower limbs, and aggravating heart failure. In addition, such drugs may also cause abnormal liver function, anemia and red blood cell reduction.
How to properly reduce and avoid the side effects of hypoglycemic drugs?
1. Some diabetic patients with liver and kidney dysfunction, acute and chronic complications of diabetes or during pregnancy or lactation, it is strictly forbidden to take insulin secretagogues and α-glucosidase inhibitors; at the same time, it is not possible to choose biguanide drugs; Insulin sensitizers, patients with the above conditions should be used with caution. For patients with renal disease, it is best to choose a drug that is excreted through the biliary tract. For patients with severe renal insufficiency, insulin therapy should be used instead.
2, in order to reduce and avoid the occurrence of hypoglycemia, patients in addition to pay attention to diet, try not to choose strong, long-acting oral hypoglycemic agents, and medication should start from a small dose, and gradually increase. Among the various types of hypoglycemic agents, only insulin secretagogues can cause severe hypoglycemia.
3. It is very important to take the medicine at the right time. For example, the biguanide drug is preferably taken during or after a meal, which can effectively reduce the gastrointestinal reaction of the patient. The α-glucosidase inhibitor needs to be chewed together with the first meal to achieve the best therapeutic effect and avoid adverse reactions. Insulin secretagogues are best taken half an hour before a meal.
4, obese patients with type 2 diabetes, high blood lipids, fatty liver, liver function abnormalities. For such special patients, blood and liver and kidney function should be checked 1 to 2 months during the medication.
5, try to use drugs together. Under the premise of ensuring the efficacy, the dosage of each drug can be reduced, thereby reducing the adverse reactions of the drug.
6, step by step medication. In general, the adaptation and tolerance of the gastrointestinal tract to the drug requires a process that must start with a small dose and gradually increase to the therapeutic dose after 1 to 2 weeks.
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