The thin-shelled pecan is called the American pecan. It has good adaptability in the warm and humid subtropical zone and warm temperate climate in China. It can be planted on the lakeside, lawn, etc. It should be used as the shade tree and the street tree. It can be used for afforestation along rivers and plains. As the planting area of ​​walnuts continues to expand, the management technology of walnut gardens cannot keep up, resulting in low yield of some walnut gardens, low yield of some orchards, and poor economic returns. Therefore, today Xiaobian will briefly talk about the management methods for improving the yield and commodity rate of low-shell pecan low-yield gardens.
First, the forest land complex
For the rehabilitated and renewed low-yielding thin-shelled pecans garden, the whole garden is ploughed, leveled, shovel and weeded, and each fertilization is carried out in the early spring and autumn, and each farm is applied with 40-50 kg of farmyard manure, with compound fertilizer 0.5. ~1 kg.
Second, high replacement
1. Scion collection and storage
Choose the fine varieties suitable for local planting, and collect the full, robust and fully lignified branches of the upper buds in the canopy after the autumn leaves are deciduous or before the spring sap is germinated. The cut branches are sealed for waxing, then bundled into small bundles, placed in a plastic film bag, and then tightly closed, and stored vertically in a cold storage of 0 ~ 4 °C.
2, high connection method
(1) From the end of March to the middle of April, grafting on the rootstock from germination to spreading.
(2) Cutting the long noodles (3 to 5 cm long) from the bottom of the lowermost buds at a distance of 0.5 cm, requiring one knife to be ready, and then cutting one knife on both sides of the back of the long shavings to cut off the phloem at the junction. Finally, cut 1 knife on the back of the long shaved surface at the top of the scion. Cut a knife on the smooth side of the rootstock, peel off the rootstock layer, insert the long cut face of the scion into the rootstock, and insert it with a polyethylene plastic film strip of 2 to 3 cm wide to expose only the bud.
3. Management after grafting
On the 20th day after grafting, the sprouts on the rootstocks were wiped off and untied in the spring of the second year. At this time, the rootstocks healed well, the shoots were full and healthy, and the buds were full.
Third, reasonable pruning
1. For the low-yield gardens with overgrown and long-branched walnuts, in the winter cut off the competition branches, long branches and overlapping branches, dry branches, but also take the opening angle of the branch, the side branch of the branch, the topping and the autumn cap Intercepting measures to promote branching and alleviate tree growth.
2. The aging tree is updated and rejuvenated in a timely manner. The rejuvenation of the hen tree of the thin-shelled pecan is generally carried out after the harvest of the autumn fruit and before the falling leaves. The specific operation is as follows: in the upper part of the big branch, the strong branch or the long branch with good orientation and angle is selected, and then the backbone branches are retracted. When the update branch is stronger than the original head, the original head is gradually sawed off, and the branch group is correspondingly retracted, and the angle is raised to make it rejuvenate.
Fourth, strengthen water and fertilizer management
1, thin shell pecans are afraid of drought, young trees should be soil moist, so that dry irrigation can be discharged.
2. As a result, the large trees need a large amount of water in May-June and fruit filling, and it is best to irrigate once a week.
3. Thin shell pecans are applied in base fertilizer from November to February of the next year; round fertilization is carried out for 1 to 2 years old trees combined with expanded ponds; radial fertilization for 3 to 5 years old trees, fertilization with farmyard manure, pond mud, etc. Mainly organic fertilizer, combined with application of NPK fertilizer.
V. Field assisted pollination
1. When the individual inflorescences of the male flowers begin to loosen powder, the male inflorescences are collected at 8-10 in the morning, and then the male inflorescences are placed in a place where the bamboo mats are sheltered from the wind and sun, and the exposure is exposed for 2 to 3 days. Collect the pollen every evening in the evening, pack it with sulfuric acid paper, put it in a sealed plastic bag, put the silicone in the inside to absorb moisture, and put the sealed mouth into the refrigerator for use.
2. Walnuts should be pollinated at 9-10 am and should not be pollinated within 24 hours before rain.
3. When pollinating, use a brush to lick a small amount of pollen, then gently put it on the stigma. Generally, the pollination rate is the highest within 2 days of flowering.
Sixth, pest control
1. Common pests and diseases
The main diseases of thin-shell pecan orchard include pecan powdery mildew, pecan blight, and pecan black spot. The main pests are mainly dry insect pests and leaf-eating pests.
2, prevention measures
(1) Timely removal of pests, branches, branches, branches and dead branches, and increase ventilation and light transmission between the crowns.
(2) Combine plastic trimming and whitening of the trunk in winter to reduce the source of insects.
(3) Using the phototaxis of adults, black light is used to trap adults in the orchard.
(4) Prevention and treatment of black spot disease: Spray 3 to 5 Baume degree sulphur mixture before germination to eliminate wintering bacteria; spray 1 to 3 times in the growth period 1 : 0. 5 : 200 times Bordeaux mixture, or 70% A It can be controlled by base bubbling wettable powder or 50% anti-bacterial wettable powder 500-800 times.
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