In the middle and later stages of wheat breeding, if there is partial or most lodging, moisture transport of wheat will be hindered, which will seriously affect the maturation of wheat and reduce grain weight, resulting in a reduction in yield. Wheat is most prone to lodging before and after grouting, and the earlier the lodging, the greater the impact on yield. For example, lodging at the heading stage can reduce production by 30% to 50%, and lodging at the filling stage generally reduces production by about 20%. Therefore, we must pay attention to wheat that has not entered the grain filling stage!
Several main reasons for the lodging of wheat:
1, wheat varieties. Some wheat varieties have high yields, but their stems are slender (with a plant height of 85 cm or more), and their seeding density is large (the seeding rate is 25 kg/mu or more), and they are prone to lodging under strong winds and heavy rains.
2, sowing time. The wheat was planted too early and the temperature was high, prolonged, and the chance of lodging was high.
3, weather factors. In the booting stage (early stage) and filling stage (late stage) of wheat, the plant height has reached a certain degree, the panicle is heavier, it is prone to lodging under strong wind and rainy conditions, and is preliminarily lodging, because wheat has not been grouted, and it easily affects the grain number and grain weight of wheat at this time. The yield losses caused by lodging are higher; late lodging, wheat has been grouted in the inflated period, this time mainly affect the grain weight, and lodging loss is relatively small.
4, arable land. At present, when many farmers farm land, most of them are rotund fields, so the soil is relatively loose. Compared with ploughing, the rotary farms suppress the roots of wheat lightly and have a high incidence of lodging.
5. Disease factors. The spring rains are heavy and the field diseases are heavy. In particular, some diseases such as sheath blight occur at the base or root of the stem, which results in fragility or even necrosis of the stem base, resulting in a high incidence of stem lodging.
6, fertilization method. The fertilization pattern of “one-shelled bombardment†of the same variety of plots is higher than that of the nitrogen-shifted plots. (The nitrogen fertilizers move backward and the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in the wheat fields above 12 pounds/mu are generally only a bit of lodging; nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium “one Shelled wheat and wheat with less than 10 pounds/acre of pure phosphorus and potassium are prone to prolonged growth and have a high incidence of lodging.
All of these reasons are easy to cause the lodging of wheat. Some people ask, what should we do if wheat is falling?
After lodging, do not artificially care and handle, let it go, let the wheat slowly recover growth, of course, in order to return to normal is not possible, you can spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate (150-200g per mu) or spray Phosphorus-potassium-containing liquid fertilizers are used to promote growth and grouting, minimizing production losses caused by lodging. After lodging, the wheat field has poor disease resistance and the wheat field seal is airtight, and it is prone to stripe rust, powdery mildew, and head blight. Therefore, the liquid fertilizer can be sprayed together with the fungicides, and the fallen wheat field can not be applied artificially. It is easy to break wheat in the middle, at this time you can choose to use unmanned plant protection machine application.
Of course, all the remedial measures are too late, so it is better to prevent them from happening in advance:
1. Appropriate selection of lodging resistant varieties.
2, appropriate late broadcast, reasonable and sparse.
3, seed dressing.
4, plowing the field. Try to choose ploughing and less use of rotary ploughing.
5, prevention and treatment of diseases. The fungicide was sprayed on wheat in the green period to prevent and control wheat sheath blight and root rot.
6, less nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Promote the development of wheat roots, thick stalks, not easy to lodging. The principle of fertilization is to apply sufficient base seedling fertilizer, control nitrogen fertilizer, and reapply jointing and booting panicle fertilizer. The proportion of fertilizer should be combined with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer should be combined. The amount of nitrogen in the general basal fertilizer accounted for about 60%; the amount of nitrogen fertilizer was controlled in the middle stage, and more phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were applied.
6, drug control Wang. After spraying green wheat, spray control agent before jointing (you can spray paclobutrazol, chlormethodine, etc., the application method and dosage are subject to factory price recommendation), the latest is not later than the beginning of the jointing stage of wheat (the first section of wheat is pulled out of the ground 2 cm before), can effectively shorten the internodes of the wheat, reduce plant height, control vegetative growth and increase reproductive growth. This is the most commonly used and most effective method. Remember that spraying after jointing is invalid.
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