The normal watermelon is mostly round or oval, but when the growth and development of the fruit are hindered, a variety of malformed melons are often formed. After the watermelon fruit becomes deformed, its commercial character becomes worse, the quality of the fruit is deteriorated, and even the food is unbearable, directly affecting the economic benefit of the watermelon production.
Cause: Environmental discomfort, improper management
Poor fertilization According to research, seeds in watermelon fruit can produce auxin and stimulate fruit development. The well-developed and numerous parts of the seed have good flesh development; on the contrary, the flesh develops poorly. If the flowering encounters low temperatures, rainfall, or less pollinating insects, incomplete fertilization can easily lead to fruit deformities.
Unfavorable environment The watermelon grows mainly in the longitudinal direction in the early stage, and it depends on the lateral development to form a certain size of fruit in the later stage. For early ripening watermelons, the early period due to low outside temperature, longitudinal growth is slow, and in the late fruit growth, the outside temperature rises, the lateral growth is relatively accelerated, and finally it is easy to develop a melon of horizontal diameter is significantly larger than the longitudinal diameter.
Improper management of fruit on the side due to see the sun, melon skin was yellow-white, melon growth is also poor, if not turned over, it is prone to deformity; early fruit development encountered severe drought, plant weakness, fruit enlargement near to stop , And the late conditions are suitable, especially when the soil conditions are suitable, the fruit will continue to develop, and grow faster, in this case, it is easy to form a small, large gourd shape melon.
During the process of growth and development, the mechanical damage fruits encounter pests or mechanical damage. The damaged parts tend to grow slowly and make the watermelon deformed. In addition, when the flower buds are differentiated, the ovary absorbs insufficient calcium and is also prone to malformation.
Prevention: artificial pollination, strengthen management
Artificial pollination Artificial pollination, pollen sprinkled on the stigma should be uniform, and two should be sufficient to ensure complete pollination.
Appropriately improve the position of the melon. According to the survey, the fruit of the first female flower of the watermelon is not full. For this reason, in production, the second and third female flowers sitting on the main vine at a distance of one meter from the main root are generally reserved.
After the young melons have settled, the melons will be slapped thoroughly on the soil below the young melons to form a slope-shaped platform and put the young melons on the slopes. As the young larvae grow, the slopes increase gradually.
Timely melons and gourd fruits are picked up once every 3-5 days after the fruit is “set†(ie, the size is basically set); when the fruit is mature to 78, the melons are put up (called the vertical melon). Flourish melon and vertical melon can make the fruit develop Zhou Zheng, and the skin color is uniform, thereby increasing its commercial value. The following points should be noticed when turning melon: Fold melon time is appropriate for sunny afternoon, so as not to injure the stems and stems and leaves; when turning melons, we must follow the lines on the stem (ie, the direction of the vascular bundles). When you turn melons, use both hands to hold the melon tail in one hand and hold the top of the melon in one hand. Turn both hands gently at the same time. Turn each melon gently in the same direction. The ground will prevail.
When watering and fertilizing young fruit grows to the size of the egg, it begins to expand rapidly, and the amount of fertilizer required by the plant gradually reaches the highest peak. At this time, it is necessary to reap the expansion of the melon fertilizer, promote fruit enlargement, and prevent premature aging. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are mainly used for topdressing, with little or no nitrogen fertilizer, to avoid the loss of quality of watermelon due to excessive nitrogen fertilizer. Generally, 15 kg of diammonium phosphate, 15 kg of potassium sulfate, 10 kg of urea, or 20 kg of special fertilizer for watermelon are applied per mu. Immediately after fertilization, swelled melon water, promote nutrient absorption and accelerate fruit enlargement.
In addition to the above measures, we must also promptly prevent and treat pests and diseases, minimize mechanical damage, and remove the malformed melons that have already formed so as to urge the plants to sit again.
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