Yak period refers to the period from birth to 6 months of age. This period of calf's digestive function is still not perfect, poor adaptability to the external environment. Good breeding and management of yaks are directly related to milk production and reproductive performance in adulthood.
1. To ensure the management of the newborn yak. After the yak is removed from the mother, it is necessary to first clear the mucus of the nose and mouth and lightly press the lungs to prevent the mucus from entering the trachea and cause suffocation. Cut the umbilical cord of the yak at a distance of 10 cm from the abdomen, and then use the mucus in the umbilical cord to use 5 % of iodine soaked for 1-2 minutes to prevent infection. The other part of the fetal fluid is best to clean the cows, if necessary, wipe it with a clean, soft cotton thread to prevent yaks from getting cold.
2. Ensure that calves eat good colostrum. Colostrum is rich in nutrients, contains a large number of immunoglobulins and lysozyme, can kill and inhibit bacteria, play a role in laxation, enhance the immune ability of calves, and promote normal activities of digestive function. The newborn yak's stomach is empty and the stomach wall is mucous. The resistance to bacteria is very weak. The content of colostrum immunoglobulin is high. Colostrum replaces the gastric mucus and sticks to the stomach and intestines, preventing bacteria from entering the bloodstream. Therefore, we should try to make calves eat early and eat more colostrum after eating. The sooner you eat, the more you eat, the faster the weight gain, the stronger the constitution, the lesser the incidence, and the higher the survival rate. The fact that colostrum is not eaten will bring untold losses to the calves.
3. Strengthen the exercise of Yak's digestive organs. (1) Calves can be fed to yaks after 4 days of birth. At the beginning of the trial, a small amount of wet material is wiped into its mouth, and fresh dry yak material can also be placed in the feed box to give only the amount that can be eaten each day. (2) The yak aged around one week can be fed roughage. The calf's rumen activity increases with the increase of the amount of grass or hay. Generally, the calf can be trained to eat high-quality green hay in the second week after birth, and a small amount of high-quality green hay is placed in front of the bullpen, and the calf will try to eat. Gradually, it will gradually increase the intake of food with the needs of physical development. (3) Calves are supplemented with juicy material after 20 days. Every day, 20-25 grams of chopped carrots or other vegetables and grasses are added to the concentrate, and they are gradually increased. They are fed 1-1.5 kg per day at 2 months of age. (4) Yaks began to feed silage at 2 months of age. Feeding 100-150 grams a day, gradually increasing the amount of feeding, feeding 1.5-3 kg per day at 3 months old, feeding 4-5 kg ​​per day at 4-6 months of age.
4. Do a good job of daily calf health care. (1) Environmental hygiene. Newborn calves do not have any resistance to disease. Yak feeding rooms should be flat, dry, clean, and ventilated. The bedding should be changed frequently, and the excrement must be promptly removed, and lime should be disinfected after removal. (2) Breastfeeding. The nursing kit must be cleaned after each use, and the utensils should be sterilized regularly. If the nursing cow is ill, the calf should be isolated from the big cow, and the calf should not be allowed to eat the cow's milk. In order to ensure the health of calves, artificial feeding should be performed at this time, or milk from other healthy cows should be fed regularly and quantitatively. (3) Skin hygiene. After the yak is born 5-6 days old, swab the body once a day and pay attention to proper exercise. Brushing plays the role of massage the skin, can promote the skin's blood circulation, strengthen the metabolism, it is not only conducive to the development of calves, but also to prevent the growth of body surface parasites and to develop a docile character of calves. (4) Note the effect of seasonal changes on calves. In general, calves are susceptible to morbidity in May-June and December of each year. During this time, the weather is changeable and colds and pneumonia are prone to occur. Prevention should be given according to the situation, cold work should be done well in winter, and heatstroke prevention and moisture prevention work should be done in summer. To prevent the disease from happening. (5) timely weaning. The weaning time should be determined in a timely manner according to the age, weight, and feed intake of the concentrate. Dry matter intake should be used as the main basis to determine the weaning time. When calves eat more than 0.7 kg of dry matter for three consecutive days, they can be weaned. Insufficient dietary intake of calves during weaning can cause weight loss during the first few days after weaning, and this phenomenon can occur regardless of the age at which weaning occurs. This is normal. The calves should be stocked in separate pens 10 days after weaning, until the calf does not request milk.
5. Strengthen the prevention and treatment of common diseases of calves. (1) Yak umbilical corditis. Umbilical corditis is caused by inflammation of the umbilical cord due to bacteria in the midwifery when the umbilical cord is not sterilized or disinfected, and feeding and management are improper. Preventive measures: 1 do a good job in the treatment and strict disinfection of the umbilical cord; 2 maintain a good health environment, sports fields, housing regularly with 2% fire alkali disinfection; 3 timely removal of excrement, ground for grass. (2) Calf pneumonia. Mostly caused by colds, it may also be caused by bacterial infections, such as pneumococcus and streptococcus pneumonia. Attention should be paid to early diagnosis and timely treatment with antibiotics. (3) Yak diarrhea. The etiology of yak diarrhea has two aspects, one is diarrhea caused by pathogenic microorganisms: such as E. coli disease, typhoid, viral enteritis, yak coccidiosis and so on. Second, nutritional diarrhea, mainly caused by improper feeding, such as feeding ice-cold milk, feeding bad quality milk, feeding trough and other unclean. For diarrhea, calves first reduce the amount of whole milk, reduce or stop milk replacer, start food, so that the digestive tract can be adjusted. Treatment can be added in the drinking water amount of baking soda, salt, potassium chloride, vitamins. If the condition is severe, intramuscular injection of "a diarrhea a needle Kang" (main ingredient: Andrographis, dose of 0.1 ml / kg body weight), while with milk enzyme or probiotics, lactic acid bacteria tablets can also be used. If the yak is severely dehydrated, does not eat, and is apathetic, it is necessary to perform cardiac regurgitation and rehydration to prevent acidosis.
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