Release date: 2016-03-21
Japanese researchers reported on the 15th in the online edition of the journal Nature Microbiology that they found an enzyme that helps prevent gastric cancer caused by Helicobacter pylori.
Gastric cancer is the second largest cancer killer in humans, especially in East Asia. About 50,000 people die of stomach cancer every year in Japan. Most gastric cancers are caused by Helicobacter pylori infection.
Researchers at the University of Tokyo in Japan found that when the cagA protein of Helicobacter pylori invades gastric cells, it binds to an enzyme called SHP2, which triggers gastric cancer. They found that SHP2 also has a "brother" enzyme, SHP1. If the cagA protein binds to SHP1, its carcinogenic activity is neutralized. This suggests that SHP1 is an enzyme that inhibits the pathogenesis of gastric cancer.
According to the researchers, the degree to which each of the two enzymes function after a person is infected with Helicobacter pylori determines whether he or she will develop stomach cancer.
The researchers also found that about 10% of patients with gastric cancer infected with Helicobacter pylori were infected with Epstein-Barr virus (human herpesvirus 4). After infection with this virus, the amount of SHP1 in gastric cells is reduced, resulting in a stronger carcinogenic activity of the cagA protein. This is also the first time scientists have figured out the mechanism by which bacteria and viruses "joined" to cause cancer.
Prof. Masayama Masahiro, who led the research, believes that if you can find substances that enhance the function of SHP1, it will help prevent stomach cancer.
Source: Sina Technology
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