How complex molecules such as DNA are absorbed by bacterial cells has always been a mystery. Recently, the Max Planck Institute for Biophysics in Germany announced that the institute has made a research breakthrough in cooperation with Goethe University in Frankfurt. The researchers used a cryo-electron microscope with a resolution of 7 angstroms to decipher the spatial structure of the secretin complex, which preliminarily explained the mechanism by which bacteria absorb foreign DNA molecules.
Bacteria have the ability to absorb new sources of genetic material from the environment to form new functions, such as immunizing aliens, forming resistance, and transferring them from one cell to another. The researchers observed that a DNA-binding secretin complex (PilQ) consisting of multiple molecules is like a "machine" that drags DNA through the outer cell layer into the bacterial cell and disassembles the DNA into Two single chains absorb one of them; afterwards, the PilQ complex acts like a "pistol" from the cell wall of the bacteria and bears a "crown". Genetic studies have shown that the "crown" is not built by the secretin itself, and mutations in the "pistol" can cause the "crown" to be torn apart, allowing bacterial cells to no longer absorb DNA. The "crown crown" may be the decisive switch for bacterial recognition and DNA binding.
Next, the researchers will determine the types of proteins that make up the "crown crown" and understand the pathways and mechanisms of DNA transfer. At the same time, the target structure that inhibits DNA transfer is determined, thereby controlling the resistance of the bacteria. (Technology Department)
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