1. Selection and use of pesticides
Types of pests and diseases prevention and control: After flowering, it is the appropriate period for the prevention and control of gray mold, black pox, anthrax, white rot, and moth. For the rainy areas, downy mildew is also suitable for prevention and control; for Kyoho line species, attention should be paid to the damage of epidermis cells to the fruits; in dry areas, powdery mildew, red spider and felt disease are the prevention and control points; rain-fed cultivation, powdery mildew, Gray mold is the control point, but also to prevent contamination of bacteria caused by high humidity. Therefore, we must seize the key control points for pests and diseases, and take corresponding measures for prevention and control.
What measures are taken and which pesticides are used are also determined by comprehensive factors such as the occurrence characteristics of diseases and pests, climatic conditions, species, and the occurrence history of diseases and insect pests in the previous year.
2. Description of appropriate measures
Grapes hats fall off the stigma and are called falling flowers; 80% of the flowers fall out of the grape, and the remaining 20% ​​of the inflorescence part of the flower cap falls off (the rest is flowering), and after 1 or 3 days, it is the appropriate period for taking measures.
3. Specific measures
In general, prevention should be emphasized, and the prevention and control of diseases should be based on protective fungicides, and the use of systemic fungicides should be used in accordance with specific conditions.
In general, the use of a protective bactericide that can cope with the disease during this period, for example, you can choose 50% (Azoxystrobin) WP wettable powder 1500 times. For a block or species with severe gray mold, you can choose to use 50% thiram (Azoxystrobin) WP 1500x + 40% pyrimethanil Suspension 800x (or 50% methimicarb) Ester wettable powder 1500 times liquid + 70% thiophanate-methyl WP powder 800 to 1000 times, or 50% ubiquifosporin wettable powder 1500 times liquid + 50% botrymein water dispersible granule 1500 Double fluid).
In dry areas, 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 800 to 1000 times is used. In the vineyard where the ear spoiled more severely last year, 50% azoxystrobin WP 1500 times liquid + 50% procymidone wettable powder 1000 times (Botrytis cinerea) or 50% azoxystrobin can be selected Wettable powder 1500 times liquid + 20% Difenoconazole water dispersible granules 3000 times (mixed bacteria rot).
In rain-covered areas (Eurasian varieties) or in the open field cultivation of the Kyugulin system in climate-wetting areas, use protective fungicides and corresponding agents that can treat diseases at this time, for example, 50% azoxystrobin sulphate 1500-fold wettable powder. Liquid + 50% procymidone WP 1000 times solution (or 50% azoxystrobin omeprazole WP 1500 times + 70% thiophanate WP 800 to 1000 times). Last year, vineyards with serious ear rots should be mixed with corresponding agents (such as 50% azoxystrobin). WP 1500 times + 50% 5% procymidone WP 1000 times + 20% diphenyl ether Cycloazole water dispersible granule 3000 times liquid and so on.
4. The following special circumstances, the measures that can be taken
In the vineyard where white rot, powdery mildew, and blackpox were relatively serious in the previous year, protective fungicides + corresponding agents were used. For example, 50% azoxystrobin omeprazole WP 1500 times + 40% fluorosilicone Emulsion 8000 times.
In the vineyards with serious anthrax and powdery mildew in the previous year, protective fungicides + corresponding agents were used, for example, 50% azoxystrobin WP 1500 times and 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable 1000 times liquid powder.
With conditions of early onset of downy mildew, anthrax and blackpox are also the focus of prevention and control. Use protective fungicides + corresponding agents, eg, 50% Azoxystrobin Formamide WP 1500x + 70% Methyl Thiobolus WP 1000x + 50% Dimethomorph Water Dispersible Granules 3000 times solution or use 58% metalaxyl manganese zinc wettable powder 1000 times or 40% aluminum triethylphosphonate 600 wettable powder 1500 times.
There are insecticides in the areas or vineyards that are damaged by wing insects, leafhoppers, scale insects, thrips, etc., but also use protective fungicides + corresponding agents, for example, 50% azoxystrobin, omeprazole WP 1500 times + 10% bifenthrin microemulsion 3000 times (or pymetrozine or imidacloprid, etc.).
In regions or orchards affected by red spider or felt disease, the use of acaricides is increased, for example, 50% azoxystrobin WP 1500 times + acaricide.
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• Warmed humidified air is better than cold, dry gases even in short cases.
When a patient`s trachea is intubated or a supraglottic airway device is placed in situ, the normal warming, humidifying and filtering functions of the upper airways are bypassed. Hence, gas delivered to the patient needs to be artificially conditioned to replace these lost functions Heat and moisture exchangers (HMEs) are intended to conserve a portion of the patient`s exhaled heat and moisture, and condition inspired gas by warming and humidifying it. Breathing system filters are intended to reduce the transmission of microbes and other particulate matter in breathing systems.
Devices that contain both filters and HME are called Heat Moisture Exchanger Filters (HMEFs). It is not ideal to distinguish these two common filters with "static" and "folds", because these two types of filters rely on electrostatic charge to a certain extent to keep the particles in the filter material, two types All materials can be folded. The main difference between the two types is the density of the fibers. For "electrostatic" filter materials, the density of the fibers is relatively low, and the electrostatic charge (fiber or triboelectric charge) on the fibers is high. For "pleated" filters, the density of the fibers is high: this leads to increased resistance to gas flow; the pleated material increases the surface area, thereby reducing the resistance. This type of filter is also called "hydrophobic" (because the surface of the filter material repels water) or "mechanical". In this review, the terms "electrostatic" and "pleat" will be used to distinguish these two types of filters.
Disposable Breathing Filter \Airway Management
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