Hepatitis B virus is a DNA virus belonging to hepadnavividae. According to current knowledge, HBV is only susceptible to humans and orangutans, causing hepatitis B virus disease. The complete hepatitis B virus is granulated and will be called Dane.
Hepatitis B virus was discovered by Dana in 1965. With a diameter of 42 nm, the particles are divided into two parts: the shell and the core.
Hepatitis B is one of the most important infectious diseases in China.
There are six common routes of transmission of hepatitis B. Do you know?
1, mother-to-child transmission
Mother-to-child transmission is the most important route of transmission. Mother-to-child transmission includes two aspects: one is vertical communication and the other is horizontal communication. It is mainly spread in the level of close living contact during the perinatal period and after birth.
2, iatrogenic infection
In the hospital's inspection and treatment process, infections caused by repeated use of medical devices contaminated with HBV due to the use of non-severe disinfection are called iatrogenic transmission, including surgery, dental instruments, blood collection needles, acupuncture needles, and endoscopy.
3, blood transfusion
Entering HBV-infected blood and blood products can cause hepatitis B after blood transfusion.
4, close contact with life spread
Including the damage to the skin and mucous membranes, including life together, it may be infected.
5, sexual transmission
Hepatitis B patients can be sexually transmitted. Sexual transmission is also a type of fluid transmission. In addition, kissing can also spread, and there is also the possibility that the mucous membrane is broken. In the family, if one of the couples is a hepatitis B or hepatitis B virus carrier, the other party must be vaccinated against hepatitis B to obtain antibodies; in daily life, they must also take various preventive measures.
6, parent-child transmission
The parent-child transmission of hepatitis B is mainly due to the lack of immunity of the child to the hepatitis B virus after the child is born, and the hepatitis B virus is infected through close contact with life. This type of infection is called horizontal transmission. This close contact with life occurs mainly in younger children with impaired immune systems and therefore deserves more attention.
How to prevent hepatitis B?
Inoculation with hepatitis B vaccine is the most effective way to prevent hepatitis B virus infection. WHO recommends that all infants be vaccinated as soon as possible after birth (preferably within 24 hours). The hepatitis B vaccination program in China is one dose at each of the 0, 1 and 6 months of age. After completing the vaccination schedule on time, 95% of infants can produce protective antibody levels. The protection period lasts at least 20 years and may be a lifetime.
Adults are also given 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine: 4 doses of the first dose, 2 doses, and 2 doses of the second dose 5 months later. If you have not been vaccinated, or have not been inoculated, or if you have not had a history of vaccination, you can go to vaccination. It is not necessary to conduct serological screening before vaccination. It is safe to vaccinate hepatitis B vaccine against people infected or not infected with hepatitis B virus.
What should I do if someone who has not been vaccinated has contact with hepatitis B virus?
Hepatitis B virus can survive in vitro for at least 7 days. If you are concerned that you may be exposed to hepatitis B virus, you should see your doctor immediately. If you have not been vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine or are not sure if you have antibodies, injecting hepatitis B immune globulin within 12 hours after exposure to hepatitis B virus can make the body quickly acquire passive protective antibodies and temporarily protect the organism (3-6 months). Protection; hepatitis B vaccine should be given at the same time for long-term protection.
What if I don’t respond after receiving hepatitis B vaccine?
After the whole course of vaccination with hepatitis B vaccine, due to low immune function or other reasons, a small number of vaccinates who do not respond to vaccination (anti-HBs <10 mIU/ml) can be vaccinated three times; and after the second dose of three doses Anti-HBs were detected in serum for 1-2 months. If there is still no response, one dose of 60 μg recombinant yeast hepatitis B vaccine can be administered.
Can chronic hepatitis B be cured?
Most chronic hepatitis B patients are currently unable to be cured, but treatment can inhibit viral replication, slow the progression of liver cirrhosis, reduce the incidence of liver cancer, and improve long-term quality of life. WHO recommends that oral tenofovir or entecavir be used for treatment because they are the most effective drugs for inhibiting hepatitis B virus, and they rarely lead to drug resistance and have fewer side effects. In addition, lamivudine, adefovir, telbivudine and other drugs can help fight the virus and slow down the damage to the liver. Please consult your doctor which medicine is right for you. People who are not bad are also considered to be injected with interferon but may have significant adverse reactions (such as depression, dyspnea and chest tightness) and need to be closely monitored, mainly for young people who do not want long-term treatment or want to be within a few years. Pregnant women. Hepatitis B patients should go to regular hospitals to receive regular treatment. Do not trust some so-called "secret recipes" or "remedies."
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