Dutch beans are also peas. They have a long history in China. The Han Dynasty was introduced to China and cultivated in China. Because of the cold weather and drought resistance of peas and sweet peas, pods, tender seeds and tender stems are edible. Supply markets can be grown throughout the year in different parts of Yunnan Province. Today, Hui Nong Network Xiaobian brings you peas pollution-free high-yield cultivation technology!
First, the requirements of the environment
1. Temperature requirements: Dutch beans and sweet peas are semi-hardy vegetables, cold and heat resistant. The suitable growth temperature is 15-20 °C, and the seedlings can tolerate a low temperature of minus 5 °C. The temperature is around 15 °C. Above 25 °C, poor growth, reduced pods, and high night temperature have a great impact on yield.
2. Lighting requirements: The temperature during harvesting is high and mature, but the quality and yield are reduced. Dutch beans and sweet peas are long-day vegetables. Most of the varieties currently cultivated on the production are not very strict with the length of sunshine, but they can promote flower bud differentiation under low-temperature conditions.
3. Moisture demand: The roots of peas and sweet peas are deep, slightly resistant to drought, but not wet. After sowing, there is much water and it is easy to rot. The most suitable air humidity for flowering is 60~90%. The drainage is bad during the growth period, and it is easy to rotten root. Too much drought is the main reason for falling flowers and pods. Especially in the flowering and pod-forming period, the plants are very sensitive to water and should be irrigated in time. In this way, it can not only meet the water demand of plant growth and development, but also effectively reduce the surface temperature and promote its normal growth.
4. Soil requirements: Not suitable for planting in strong acid soils. Rhizobium bacteria required for the growth of Dutch beans and sweet peas are suitable for survival in neutral soils. If the soil is too acidic, it will inhibit the growth of rhizobium and reduce nitrogen fixation capacity. The growth of Dutch beans and sweet peas. If a pea is planted for more than 2 years in a field, a large amount of acidic substance secreted from the roots of the pea accumulates in the soil, which leads to acidification of the soil and inhibition of the growth of rhizobium, which has a great influence on the growth of peas. Therefore, it has been used as a pea for more than 2 years. The plot, or the soil with acidity, can be applied to the field with 2-3 kg per acre or 100-120 kg per acre with lime, and the pH of the soil is adjusted to 5.5~6.7. Guarantee the stable production and high yield of peas. The soil of the plot is most suitable for sandy or clay loam. At the same time, there was no plot planting of leguminous crops before and after, and avoiding plots with strong winds, it is most suitable for rice rotation.
Because peas and sweet peas are not resistant to moisture, poorly drained fields are not suitable for growing peas and sweet peas. Dutch beans and sweet peas are suitable for planting in soils with a pH of 5.5 to 6.7.
Second, rationale, base fertilizer, sowing
1. Sowing at the right time: Dutch beans and sweet peas are more resistant to cold and heat. Sowing in different seasons and different seasons, autumn and winter sorghum is generally sown in the middle and late July, the seedling age is 20 to 25 days; winter and spring sorghum is sown in the middle and late October, the seedling age is 30 to 35 days, and the spring and summer are in February. Sowing in the middle of the first season. Premature sowing, the plant growth in the early stage is too strong, and it is susceptible to freezing damage in winter. After too late sowing, the root system has not yet fully grown, the cold has arrived, the plant grows poorly, and the yield is reduced. Appropriate early sowing on the premise of not being frozen, can have longer suitable growth time, increased branching and pod formation, and can increase production.
2. Reason: The width of the raft is 1-1.2 meters, the height of the raft is 30 centimeters, and the width between the raft and the raft is 40 centimeters.
3. Bottom fertilizer: In the middle of the well-made hoe, the depth is 30-40 cm, the width is 30-40 cm, the organic fertilizer is applied 2000-3000 kg per mu, the superphosphate 50 kg, the potassium fertilizer 15 kg, the urea 10 kg. 5 kg of borax, 5 kg of zinc fertilizer, 5 kg of calcium fertilizer, 2 kg of molybdenum fertilizer, 3-4 kg of chlorpyrifos granules, then covered with soil 10 cm, flattened.
4. Sowing: The peas and sweet peas grow strong and the root system is developed. The whole land does not need to be too fine. After the bottom water is poured, the mulch is covered, and the mulch is covered with 4-5 cm perforated mulch. 3 seeds, covering soil 2-3 cm, the amount of seed used is 3.5-4 kg. When planting, you can use Aiken + Rui Miaoqing plus gold color seed dressing to prevent rotten seeds, smashing disease, blight, root rot .
Third, field management
1. How to water after sowing
Generally, water is poured every 5-7 days (the watering amount and the time interval of watering can be delayed according to the weather conditions and the humidity of the air and soil).
2. After 5-10 days of emergence, the emergence of seedlings begins. After emergence, the peas grow slowly. It is necessary to pay attention to weeding. Generally, weeding twice, the first seedling height is 5-7 cm; the second time is When the height of the seedlings is 20-30 cm; the weeding of the loose soil is completed before the flowering period. Before the wintering of the peas and sweet peas, the seedling height is 5~7 cm, and the cold resistance is the strongest. At this time, the mulch should be cultivated without mulching. Once, plant some soil on both sides of the plant to keep warm and cold. In order to prevent the growth of the nitrogen fertilizer, the nitrogen fertilizer should not be applied too much, and no additional topdressing is required when cultivating the soil.
3. Racking the vine
Pea vine stems are soft and hollow, easy to break, so it is necessary to frame when growing to spit. Generally, the method of combining the frame and the string is adopted, and the bamboo raft is inserted every 2-2.5 meters, and each line is wound with a rope at a distance of 0.5 meters to make the peas climb each other, and then the rope is tied around the circumference with a rope waist every 40 cm or so. To prevent lodging. Specific method: Start the hanging line around the bean sprouts (15-20 cm), fix a bamboo pole every 2-2.5 meters along the surface of the dough, the height of the hanging line is 2-2.2 meters, 2-3 cm from the ground, off the ground 1.2 meters from the height of 2 meters to pull a solid horizontal line, and then hang two rows of vertical fine cotton thread between the three horizontal lines, fine cotton line spacing 12-15 cm. The frame can be selected with bamboo poles, the general requirements of 2.2 meters high Left and right, it is best to use an upright bracket, so that ventilation and light transmission is better.
4. Fertilizer management
When the peas bloom, the water can be started, especially the tender pods or fresh beans, but not the water. The peas and sweet peas have nitrogen-fixing capacity and do not need a lot of fertilizer, but most varieties have strong growth potential and cultivation density. Large, generally need to topdress 2 to 3 times. Generally, it is applied in the long-term application of vines and vines, and 15 kg of compound fertilizer is applied per mu; the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied in the pod-forming period, and 15 kg of calcium phosphate is applied per mu, and the yield increase effect is obvious. In addition, after harvesting for 2 to 3 times, according to the growth of the plant, it is possible to combine the disease prevention and control of the insects to carry out foliar topdressing. Adding 2-3 kg of molybdenum fertilizer to the soil is the most effective way to increase the nitrogen fixation capacity of peas and sweet peas and increase yield. According to the growth, foliar fertilizer can also be used for root fertilization, mainly based on leaf fertilizer containing potassium and amino acids.
Fourth, pest control
Pests and diseases have a considerable impact on the yield and quality of peas and sweet peas. The main diseases are: root rot, powdery mildew, viral disease, brown spot, carbon plague, bacterial spots, bacterial diseases;
The main pests are: aphids, thrips, tigers, leaf miners, and pea pods. Pest and pest damage often causes the loss of peas and sweet peas and the failure of planting. Therefore, the prevention and control of pests and diseases must be taken seriously, prevention is the main, treatment is supplemented, and comprehensive prevention and treatment.
Root rot (commonly known as rotten root)
Root rot is severe in cold-impregnated fields and poorly drained plots. Root rot disease: The roots become black and necrotic in the late stage of the disease, and the aerial part is dry and dead.
Control methods: 1 Use a pre-made non-legume field to make a reasonable rotation. 2 Avoid seed contact with base fertilizer when planting, and do not use non-fertilized base fertilizer. 3 After the seedlings, the roots were immersed once with 30% of the 30% carbaryl water agent, and the second prevention was given after 7 days. The diseased plants were immediately removed, and the roots were irrigated with agents such as carbendazim, leucovorin, diclosan, copper acetate, thiram, and carbendazim. The following prescriptions can be used for the treatment of prescription 1: Fumeishuang + Dixon + carbendazim irrigation roots, a total of two irrigation, the second time after 5 days. Prescription 2: carbendazim + sclerotium + metalaxyl spray.
2. Viral disease
Viral diseases are severely affected by high temperature and drought. Viral diseases usually occur in the middle and late stages of growth of peas and sweet peas. They rely on aphids, thrips, planthoppers and juices to spread. Therefore, the heavier the pest, the heavier the viral disease. Viral disease: yellow patterns appear on the leaves, the leaves shrink, and finally necrotic spots appear, and the whole plant is dead.
Control methods: 1 From the emergence of seedlings to control aphids, thrips, planthoppers, can be used azole, chlorfenapyr, indomethamine, pymetrozine, thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, acetamiprid, butyl thiophene Wei Ren chooses 2-3 kinds of mixed spray, prescription 1: thiamethoxam + imidacloprid + acetamiprid prescription 2: thiamethoxam + butyl thiocarbamate prescription 3: oxazolamide, dinotefuran, acridine Choose a spray 2 and add organic fertilizer and zinc fertilizer to enhance disease resistance. 3 From the beginning of emergence, the drug is controlled several times, every 7-10 days, until the harvesting period, the following prescriptions can be used to prevent and cure viral diseases: prescription 1: Ningnanmycin + amino oligosaccharin + zinc leaf foliar fertilizer + Brassinolides 2: Ningnanmycin + morpholinium hydrochloride + zinc foliar fertilizer + brassinolides 3: cephalosporin + nymidine + amino oligosaccharin + zinc foliar fertilizer 4: bactericidal Qing + Ningnanmycin + amino oligosaccharin + zinc leaf foliar fertilizer.
3. Powdery mildew (commonly known as powder)
Powdery mildew is a serious disease in the drought and plant condensation. Powdery mildew is the most important disease of peas and sweet peas. Once it occurs, it can cause leaves to be yellow from the bottom, the plants are prematurely degraded, and the yield and quality are reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent it early. Powdery mildew disease: The disease begins from the old leaves, and white powdery spots appear on the leaves, causing the leaves to turn yellow and dry, and the bean clips become smaller on the dark brown spots.
Control methods: 1 Reasonably close planting, increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, avoid partial application of nitrogen fertilizer. 2 Grasp the chemical control, timely use of the drug, before the onset can be sulphur suspension 3000 times solution, 50% ether oxystrobin 3000-5000 times liquid, continuous spraying multiple times (the second and the first time 4-5 days) Or use triadimefon (Pulverizine), myclobutanil, hexaconazole, tebuconazole, propiconazole (enebum) and other agents can be. After the onset, you can receive obvious treatment with ether bacillus, trifloxystrobin (according to enemy stability), flusilazole (Fuxing), fluconazole (tefolin), fluorocyclo (Obo), and thirteen morpholine. The effect is that the drug is administered several times every 5-7 days, and the spraying period is sprayed once every 10 days or so, and the use is alternated. The following prescriptions can be used for the treatment of prescription 1: flusilazole + myclobutanil + triadimefon prescription 2: ether bacillus + carbendazim + nitrile azole prescription 3: fluconazole + carbendazim + myclobutanil.
4. Leaf miner
1 Reasonable layout, the melons, eggplants, beans and the crops that are not harmful to the leaf fly are rotated.
2 Using fly-killing yellow paper to trap adult worms, at the end of the adult priming period, 15 trapping points per acre, one trapped adult at each point, and replaced once every 3-4 days.
3 Scientific use of medicine, when there are 5 larvae in the affected leaves, control the spraying of 50% amin-soluble soluble powder 3000 times liquid and 2% avermectin 3000 times before the larva 2 years old (the insect age is very small).
5. Bean pods
At 1 o'clock, the field fell, the pods were removed, and the damaged leaf and pods were removed to reduce the source of the insects.
2 timely spraying, in the flowering period to prevent powdery mildew spray, combined with the control of pea pods, insect-proof and disease-proof mixed spray, with 1% a vitamin salt 3000 times solution, or 15% hit suspension 30,000 times solution spray control.
6. Locust
1 time to clear the field weeds.
2 timely spraying, you can choose 0.32% azadirachtin emulsifiable concentrate 500 times liquid, 5% nicotinic WP 1000 times liquid spray control. Or spray with 70% imidacloprid 3000 times solution, 10% acetamiprid 3000 times solution, 25% thiamethoxam 5000 times solution.
7. Underground pests: ground tigers, donkeys
Control method: use Awei chlorpyrifos granules or water to water the roots. Before planting, deepen the sun and reduce the insect source. The water and drought rotation can kill some wintering pests. Regardless of pest control or disease prevention, it is necessary to stop taking the medicine 10 days before the pod is harvested, and there must be a sufficient safety interval.
5. Harvest at the right time
Dutch beans and sweet peas are exported to foreign countries and supply markets. The harvesting standard is generally about 10 days after flowering. The pods are fully grown. When the pods are full, they are not bright, fresh and green, and the pods are 6-10 long. When the thickness is less than 0.2 cm, it should be harvested in time to reduce the supply of nutrients to the pods, promote the growth of the upper stems and flowering and pods, and increase the yield. Picking pods is generally carried out in the morning, and should be handled with care when picking, so as not to damage the plants, so as not to reduce the yield, the general harvest period can reach 30 to 50 days.
The fresh bean pods or beans used for fresh vegetables are generally harvested 14 to 20 days after flowering. The pods are still dark green or begin to turn light green. When the beans are full, the harvest is suitable. If the harvest is too early, the quality is good, but the yield is low; if the harvest is too late, the sugar in the bean is reduced, the starch is increased, and the flavor is poor. Generally, soft pods should be harvested earlier, and should be harvested 12 to 14 days after flowering; hard pods are mainly kernels, which should be harvested 15 to 20 days after flowering.
The above-mentioned pollution-free cultivation technology for peas has been mentioned for everyone today. The vegetable farmers who need it can collect it. There are more knowledge about vegetable cultivation here.
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