Drying the field can control invalid tillers and consolidate effective tillers. When the number of rice tillers has reached a certain number, which is enough for seedlings, the early tillers can become panicles, and the tillers after the termination period cannot form panicles or only become spikelets. In production, the method of drying the field can stop the growth of high-position young tiller buds without water and fertilizer supply, reduce nutrient consumption, so that the main stem and large tillers can obtain more nutrient supply, and lay a good foundation for the growth of stalks and large ears. .
Drying the field can improve the soil environment and enhance root vitality. A certain water layer is maintained on the field for a long time after transplanting the seedlings and before the field is sun-dried, which leads to poor aeration in the cultivated soil and inhibits the activities of aerobic microorganisms; organic matter decomposes slowly, which is not conducive to root growth. Through the field drying treatment, the atmosphere can directly enter the cultivated layer, enhance the permeability in the soil, improve the soil structure, and increase the oxygen content in the cultivated layer. After drying the field, the number of new roots increases, promotes root extension, expands the range of root activity, and enhances absorption capacity.
Sun field can coordinate vegetative growth and reproductive growth. Drying the field can reduce the level of nitrogen metabolism, control the speed of nutrient growth, improve the capacity of carbon metabolism, and promote the accumulation of carbohydrates. At the same time, the growth of the internodes is suppressed. The length of the first and second internodes at the base of the rice stem becomes shorter, the culm wall becomes thicker, and the culm tissue is tighter, which enhances the lodging resistance of the plant and also differentiates rice ears. Provide more nutrient sources in the initial stage. After rewatering, more carbohydrates are transferred from stems and sheaths to young panicles, which promotes the development of young panicles, and the transformation of rice from vegetative growth to reproductive growth meets the supply of nutrients for the growth and development of young panicles. Lay the foundation.
Drying the field can reduce the field temperature and inhibit pests and diseases. The occurrence and spread of many diseases and insect pests of rice are directly related to the temperature and humidity between rice plants. For example, rice blast is suitable for the propagation and invasion of germs when the relative humidity in the field is above 90%. Bacterial blight is serious when the relative humidity of field air is above 70%. Rice leaf miners and stem borers, etc., also require higher humidity conditions for the hatching and damage of their eggs. By drying the field, the air humidity between the plants is reduced, the field microclimate environment is improved, the conditions for the propagation and propagation of germs and eggs are destroyed, and the occurrence and damage of diseases and insects are inhibited.
The standard of drying field
Field drying should generally be carried out at the end of tillering and early jointing. Too early sunning field will affect the production and growth of effective tillers; too late sunning field will cause excessive growth of new tillers, delaying the differentiation speed of young ears. For medium tillering power, when each hole reaches 25-30 tillers, the field should be drained and dried.
The field drying time is generally 5 to 10 days. Lightly dry the field until the surface of the field is broken and cracked, and the foot will not stick to the mud; for the field in the middle of the dry field, it must be exposed until there are no footprints on it, and the surface of the field is hard and appears. Chicken claw-like cracks; for heavily sun-dried fields, they should be exposed to cracks of about 2 cm on the field surface, until white roots are exposed, leaves are faded, and leaves are erect.
When about 1/3 of the plants in the field have been jointed, the field should be stopped and normal water management should be carried out to ensure the water demand during the young ear differentiation period and promote the growth and development of the young ear differentiation. At this time, appropriate deep irrigation should be carried out to control the water layer at 5-6 cm.
"Five Looks" for Drying the Field
The degree and method of drying the field should be determined according to the conditions of the soil, fertilization and rice growth. It should be flexible, adapt to local conditions, and be timely and appropriate. The key is the "five look":
See the seedlings in the sun-dried field. Rice fields with sufficient stems, strong leaf color, and vigorous growth should be sun-dried early and heavy, otherwise, they should be sun-dried late and lightly; if the seedlings are in general growth, the number of stems is insufficient, and the leaf color is not very dark green, take medium sun. , Light or no drying.
Regarding soil quality, fertile fields, low-lying fields, and cold fields should be heavily sun-dried. On the contrary, thin fields and high-gang fields should be lightly sun-dried, and alkaline-heavy fields can be lightly or not sun-dried. For paddy fields with strong soil leakage ability, intermittent irrigation is adopted, and it is generally not necessary to dry the fields. The rice straw is returned to the field, and a large amount of organic fertilizer is applied. The rice field with strong reduction effect must be dried. The clay layer with weak water permeability should be exposed to the sun early and more.
According to the weather, the temperature in the field is high and the evapotranspiration is large. The field time should be short, and the field should be exposed early and longer in rainy weather. Drying the field requires rapid drainage and irrigation, which can be both thoroughly and timely. But it should be noted that if continuous rainfall is encountered during the drying of the field, the drainage should be dredged and the rainwater should be drained in time without accumulation of water. It is not advisable to use deep irrigation or continuous flooding immediately after re-watering after drying the field. Intermittent irrigation should be adopted to gradually establish a water layer.
Look at the fertility of the sunning field. The soil is deep and fertile. Those with too much fertilizer should be exposed to the sun early and heavy; those with thin soil and poor fertility and water retention should be exposed to the sun or lightly.
Depending on the water source, the ground is low-lying, the groundwater level is high, and the drainage is poor. The mud fields that bubbling in July and August must be dried.
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