Diet formulation and feeding method for goslings--grazing principle

Grazing geese can start grazing after 11 days of age. There are three purposes for grazing: First, increase the gosling movement, promote its metabolism, which is conducive to the growth and development of its bone roads, muscles, and internal organs; The second is to cultivate and train the ability of goslings to feed on weeds; Third, the goslings are Outdoor grazing can enhance its ability to adapt to external environmental conditions. The grazing geese began to be close to the barn, gradually to the farthest; grazing time, the beginning should be short, gradually extended. When grazing, you must choose warm and sunny weather, choose dry and flat, no accumulation of water, leeward sunny, grazing land with tender grass. Goslings have poor wind, rain, and cold resistance. Therefore, in the process of goslings, we must pay special attention to changes in the weather. Gosling grazing, to do "late release early harvest." It is not easy for the goslings to get wet in the legs and lower abdomen after drying. Wet fluff catches cold goslings, causing gosling diarrhea, colds, or rheumatoid arthritis. Wet gosling goslings show signs of apathy, sluggishness, lying, half-closed eyes, reduced feed intake, and emaciate and die. This problem is likely to occur in the initial raising of households. Prevention measures: Be sure to "late late and close early." The so-called late release is the first time in the morning to go geese to be later, and to what extent late is appropriate, should be based on the exposed level on the grass. Before the dew is dry, goslings are absolutely prohibited. Early harvest means that it is early to get geese to return home, early morning or winter night winds come early, to avoid cold goslings caught in the night wind; summer or fall, dew drops early, to avoid the goose's fluff is getting wet, should be implemented early harvest Generally, people must return home before nightfall. Do not go grazing after the rain. Grazing geese are strictly forbidden in low-lying land or mud fields with water. In case the young goslings are wet, gooses should be picked up. Dry the wet fluffs with a dry rag to wipe them dry. Then the goslings are placed on top of the dry grass ash, and the dry ash powder will absorb the water. But do not use fire to bake.

Azotobacter Vinelandii

The utilization of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in agriculture is continuously increasing as it offers an effective tool to replace the use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and other harmful supplements (Ansari et al., 2017, Ansari and Mahmood, 2019a). Growth promoting substances are produced in huge quantities by the action of these rhizosphere microorganisms that directly or indirectly influence the overall morphology and physiology of the crops. Recent advances in the field of sustainable development relies on the use and diversity of PGPR, their colonizing capability and the mechanism of action that may be used to facilitate their application as a dependable element in the management of sustainable agricultural system.

Azotobacter is a group of Gram negative, free-living, nitrogen fixing aerobic bacteria inhabiting in the soil. They are oval or spherical in shape and form thick-walled cysts (dormant cells resistant to deleterious conditions) under unfavorable environmental conditions. Around six species in the genus Azotobacter have been reported, some of which are motile by means of peritrichous flagella while others are immotile . They are typically polymorphic having size ranging from 2 to 10 µm long and 1 to 2 µm wide. The genus Azotobacter was recognized in 1901 by Dutch microbiologist, botanist and founder of environmental microbiology-Beijerinck and his co-workers as the first aerobic free-living nitrogen fixer. These bacteria are known to exploit atmospheric nitrogen for their cellular protein synthesis which is mineralized in the soil, imparting the crop plants a considerable part of nitrogen available from the soil source. Azotobacter spp. is sensitive to acidic pH, high salt concentration and temperature . They pose advantageous impacts on the crop growth and yield through the biosynthesis of biologically active substances, instigation of rhizospheric microbes, production of phytopathogenic inhibitors, alteration of nutrient uptake and eventually magnifying the biological nitrogen fixation . Research on Azotobacter chroococcum in crop production has shown its importance in improving plant nutrition and amelioration of soil fertility . Several strains of Azotobacter are found to be able to produce amino acids when grown in culture media supplemented with various carbon and nitrogen sources . Such substances produced by these rhizobacteria are implicated in several processes thus leading to plant-grown promotion . The scope of utilizing Azotobacter chroococcum in research experiments as microbial inoculant through release of growth substances and their impact on the plant has markedly improved crop production in agriculture.

Azotobacter vinelandii

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