No-tillage cultivation of summer corn is a simplified new cultivation mode that does not carry out any form of ploughing or stubbing from the corn sowing to harvesting. In addition to being compatible with many advantages of the original no-tillage cultivation method, it also has new developments, making the operating procedures more streamlined, the labor intensity significantly reduced, the economic and social benefits more obvious, and becoming a feasible and labor-saving method. This new technology, which has yield-enhancing benefits and broad prospects for promotion, is now summarized in the county's multi-year experimental demonstration as follows: I. Main features After nearly two years of trials and demonstrations, the summer corn has been cultivated without tillage throughout, with four characteristics: (I) Early sowing and early-onset early-onset, strong-rooted and strong-planted wheat cultivars interplanting or cultivating live summer corn are harvested before harvesting and in the process of wheat harvesting and threshing respectively. The sowing date was basically completed before June 15th. The early seeding won the early seedlings and it was able to make full use of the warm light resource before the arrival of the local rainy season to form a strong seedling. According to the survey, corn sown at the same time, until June 25; no-tillage maize secondary roots per plant more than ploughing corn 6.1 -13.1, more 1.6 ~ 1.8 layers of roots, roots strong, and the maximum leaf area per plant The former was 7 to 10 days ahead of the latter and had a high light energy utilization rate. Dry matter accumulates and plants are robust. (2) The corn that seeks advantages and avoids damage, and has been planted with no-tillage and no-tillage sowing, has a staggered seedling and staggering period due to the early sowing date. Before the flood season comes, the corn plants have fully utilized the temperature, light and water in the upper and middle of June. Resources have formed a powerful trophic body and enhanced resilience to disasters. When the flood season comes, there will be no major disasters. In addition, no-tillage corn, because the soil was not tilled at the time of sowing, the soil is more solid, the ground is flat, the flow is fast, there is less water stagnation, there is also less slurry during the rain, the soil moisture content is low, and its resistance to warts is also Stronger than plowing corn fields. It was determined that the soil bulk density before sowing in the no-tillage corn field was 1.32 to 1.37 g/m3, which was 0.10 to 0.18 g/m3 higher than that in the tilling sowing field, and the non-capillary porosity was lower than the 10.8% to 13.9% of the tilled sowing field 5.1 to 7.0%. The water content of 0-15cm in the flood season was 2.4%-3% lower than that in the tillage field. In addition, the entire no-tillage corn is not subjected to any form of ploughing and ploughing due to sowing and harvesting, and the sowing date is early and the seedlings are quicker. Compared with the same period sowing, the corn roots with ploughing or stubbing are more, and the root volume is large. In addition, the rooting of the roots in the air was early and deep, and the ability to resist lodging was significantly enhanced. For example, in the case of a large area of ​​stubborn corn that was severely affected by windstorms in 1994, the lodging rate of no-till corn was only 4.2%. (3) Simultaneously with temperature and light, grain growth and no-tillage, no-tillage maize can not only meet the temperature, light, and water resources in the whole growing period due to early sowing, but also make its temperature, light, and water demands in each growth stage and local The best release period of resources is synchronized, which is conducive to the formation of large panicles and large grains. However, tillage sowing of corn due to late sowing, seedling, panicle stage are in a high temperature and rainy season, growth is too fast, spike differentiation duration is short, not In favor of large spikes, the number of grains per panicle is generally reduced by 30 to 40 capsules. (D) Provincial holidays, high-yield and high-efficiency no-tillage corn can save machine-cultivation fee of 10 yuan per mu, and eliminating two times of cultivator and weeding can save more than 18 yuan of cost; the cost of deducting fertilizers, pesticides, and spraying workers is 6.7 yuan per mu. , The cost savings of 21.3 yuan per mu. According to another experiment, no-tillage maize can generally increase yield by 12.6% to 15.1% compared to the ploughing of corn, plus no cultivator at the seedling stage can play a role in lodging resistance, seedling protection, and propagation (3% to 5%). The yield per unit area was about 4.2% higher than that of stubborn corn, and the two combined production rates increased from 16.8% to 19.3%. Second, the main supporting technology In order to give full play to the potential of no-tillage cultivation, the cultivation must be a good "one timely, two promotion, three to improve" six key supporting technical measures. "A timely manner" timely robberies intercropping or live broadcasting. In the 7 to 10 days before the wheat harvest, as long as the public opinion permits, it should be determined, assault snatch sets, can not interplant crops after the wheat harvest also immediately robbed or with water drought resistance on demand, to ensure the sowing period, play the advantage of early sowing. “Two Promotions†The first is to promote medium-late-maturing varieties with large potential for yield increase. The potential for corn production is not only related to the characteristics and purity of the varieties, but also related to the length of the growing period of the varieties. Generally, the long-growing varieties have a greater potential for production than the growing period. Since no-tillage corn can contend for 10 to 20 days of fertility season, and the resources of luster and light are sufficient, it is better to use medium and late-maturing varieties with large yield potential and slightly longer growing period. Such as Xiyu No. 3, Yan Dan 12, 13, and so on. The second is to promote chemical weeding. Solving the problem of grassland damage is a key measure for field management of no-till corn. The best way now is to eliminate it. Tests in the past two years have proved that: Before corn emergence, 50% of acetochlor is used per acre, 50 to 100 ml of water and 50 kg of water are sprayed evenly on the surface of the soil, and the annual grasses of Setaria viridis, Matang and Tenebrio gossypii are used. Weeds have better control effects and their control effectiveness can reach more than 90%. One of the "three improvements" is to improve the quality of sowing. High-quality sowing is the key to ensuring seedlings, seedlings, and seedlings in one broadcast. To this end, it is technically well-controlled to sow planting, soaking in fertilizer and water, planting in close-pack, and sowing uniform seedlings. Sorghum planting is the foundation of the whole seedlings. In the case of poor sensation, sowing must be carried out after sowing; soaking with fertilizer solution for 8 to 12 hours is beneficial to drought-resistant seedlings; only sufficient number of plants can obtain the appropriate number of spikes. To achieve high yields, it must be planted in close proportion, especially in wheat. The depth of sowing is uniform, and the soil is tightly covered. The second is to increase the level of fertilization. All-round adoption of the "three-promotion" fertilization technique in the area will increase the total amount of fertilizer input. According to experiments, demonstrations and large-scale production practices in recent years, the optimal nitrogen application rate of 18.2 kg for 500 kg corn and 5.6 kg phosphorus pentoxide can better coordinate the relationship between high yield and efficiency, and it is better to use light fertilizer before and after. . "One area" means that mus of urea is between 3 and 3.5kg. "Two chasing" means that 5 to 6 leaf leaves will be harvested with 8 to 10kg of pure nitrogen, 5 to 6kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and strong stalks will spread. 9 to 11 leaves , Mu chase pure nitrogen 6 ~ 8kg attacking large grains, taking into account the increase in weight. At the same time, it promotes the technique of grass field planting. After setting seedlings, 200-250kg of wheat straw is planted per mu, which has crushed grass and preserved grasshoppers. Fertilizer, prevent salt return, and maintain water and soil. The third is to improve disaster prevention and resilience. Summer corn grows in the season of natural disasters, and all kinds of disasters will seriously affect its growth. In particular, no-tillage summer corn, weak early seedlings, weak resilience, strengthen management, promote early-onset, promote weak seedlings and strong seedlings is the key to strive for early-season high-yield no-tillage corn, in addition to measures to pay attention to early implementation of weight In addition to Miao Miao, it is also necessary to do a good job of preventing early-stage seedlings, preventing "maturity shortage", and early implementation of anti-flood measures such as flood protection.
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