Li Shu is susceptible to pests and diseases in poor management conditions. Light affects the development of the tree, the quality of the fruit is poor, and the yield is low. In severe cases, the tree has a short life span and the fruit is not edible. There are 2000 mu of plum trees in my county. It was a fruit period last year and it was the vigorous growth period of trees. Pests and diseases have been found in some plots, mainly including plum carcinogens, aphids, red spider mites, plum red spot disease, and bacterial perforation diseases, which must be brought to the attention of plum tree growers. Now introduce the control of several major pests and diseases. Plum fruit borer is a lepidoptera leaffly insect pest, and it is the most serious pest that damages the plum fruit. The damaged Li Guo flowed teardrop-shaped pectin at the wormhole, and the victim's fruit could not continue to develop, gradually turning reddish purple and falling off. The infected fruit worms are covered with red insect waste, and the fruit grower called "red bean paste." Control methods: The key period for prevention and treatment of plum-feeding carnivores is prevention and control in the generations of immature adults and spawning period and the first-generation wintering adults. (1) Earth pressure. Before the overwintering of adult eclosion occurs, soil is cultivated in late April. Cultivate 10 cm thick soil layer around the ground of 45 to 60 cm around the tree trunk and compress it tightly so that the adult eclosion can not be exhumed and suffocate. However, after the overwintering of the adult eclosion is completed, the cultivating soil is removed in conjunction with the loose soil. (2) Ground spraying. In the winter before the adult emergence, or in the crown of the first generation of larvae to spray 25% parathion microcapsules below the crown, 0.8 to 1 kg per acre spray, sprinkle with wolfberry rake uniform, so that medicine, soil mixed. (3) spray the tree. In the adult stage, when the plum is at the end of flowering (95% drop), the small fruit has the size of wheat kernels, and the first injection is used. The 50% killer pine emulsion 1500 times and the 2.5% deltamethrin emulsion 3000 to 4000 times can be used. , spray once every 7 to 10 days. From the perspective of comprehensive prevention and treatment, biological preparations can be used to treat soil under the canopy, such as Beauveria bassiana. After the fall, the fruit should be removed to reduce the source of insects in the coming year. (4) Trapping. By using the phototaxis and chemotaxis of adults of Lislophila saliophila, light and sweet and sour liquids can be used to trap and kill. Plum red spot disease, which occurs in the plum cultivation area, begins to damage the leaves, and it later damages the fruit. When the leaves are damaged, red round micro-uplift lesions are formed on the leaves, the boundary between the edge and the boundary is clear, and dark red spots are densely stained on the lesions, ie conidia. When the onset is severe, the lesions on the leaves are densely covered and the diseased leaves begin to yellow. When the fruit is infested, red, yellow and round uplifted lesions are also generated on the fruit surface, and the diseased fruit grows poorly and easily falls off. Due to the different temperatures in different places and the varying rainfall, the onset period is also different. Li orchard, with its low temperature and rainy years, or with dense plants and foliage, is more severe. Control methods: (1) Spray 5 degrees lime sulfur before germination, spray 0.3-0.5 Baume degree lime sulfur after spreading leaves. (2) In the flowering period of buds and sprouting stage of buds, spray 1:2:200 Bordeaux mixture or 50% WP copper WP wettable powder 500 times, or 14% urinary ammonia bronze solution 300 times for prevention protection. Bacterial perforation, also known as Lee black spot, bacterial ulcer disease. In the diseased fruit skin, water spot was firstly formed with the lenticene as the center. When it was expanded to 2 mm, the lesion center became brown, eventually formed a nearly round, dark purple, with a water-stained halo on the edge, the middle slightly Concave, surface hardened and rough, showing irregular crack spots, about 35 mm. When the humidity is high, yellow wrists may appear in the diseased part, and the disease may fall off early. High temperature and high humidity are conducive to the infection of pathogens and aggravate the disease. The orchards with weak tree vigor, poor drainage, or excessive nitrogen application are more likely to be affected. Prevention methods: (1) Strengthen the comprehensive management of orchards, increase organic fertilizers, and improve the resistance of trees. Do not mix with apricot, peach and other stone fruit trees to avoid infectious diseases. Virus-free seedlings and resistant varieties were selected when establishing the new plum garden. [2] Orchards with high soil viscous and groundwater levels should pay attention to soil improvement and drainage. Prune and trim properly to create good conditions for ventilation and light transmission. (3) In early spring, the lesions on the branches were scraped off and the wounds were smeared with 25 to 30 Baume degree lime sulfur to reduce the initial infection source. (4) Chemical control: spray 4~5 Baume degree lime sulfur or 1:4:240 times zinc sulfate slaked lime solution, or use 65% carbose wettable powder 500 times, and spray once every 10 to 15 days. A total of 2 or 3 sprays are used to achieve better results. Lee Brown rot Lee rot, also known as Lee rot, endangers plum blossoms and fruit, and fruit during storage and transportation can also be affected. Flowering victims produce brown spots and produce a gray moldy layer when wet, forming flower rot. The victims were affected by brown round lesions, which quickly spread to full fruit within a few days. The flesh turned brown with soft rot and the surface had a gray and white mold layer. The pathogens spread downward through pedicels and petioles to shoots, and expanded into larger branches to form grayish-brown oblong ulcer lesions with gray mycelia on the lesions. Control methods: (1) Prevent pests in time, reduce fruit wounds, and prevent bacteria from invading the wound. (2) A 5 degree (Baume degree) lime sulfur or 1:2:120 Bordeaux mixture is sprayed before germination in early spring. About 70% of the plum blossom and when the fruit is near mature spray 70% thiophanate or 50% carbendazim 1000 to 1500 times. (3) 500 mg/kg thiabendazole can be used for fruit immersed for 1 to 2 minutes after the fruit is harvested, dried and then stored and transported. After the fruit is harvested, it is treated with a solution of nitric ammonium chloride (concentration 2.1 to 5.25 mg/kg) or benzenelite (concentration 0.7 to 1.75 mg/kg), which can reduce fruit rot during storage.
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