Soil and Fertilizer Water Management and Others
1. The depth and distribution of deep roots and fertilized pear tree roots are closely related to the depth of the soil layer. When the upper layer is shallow or the groundwater level is too high, the vertical growth of the root is significantly affected.
To suppress. Therefore, the pear orchard soil must deeply support the expansion of the hole each year, combined with the application of organic fertilizers, improve the soil, and create good conditions for root growth. Growth period
The soil management can be done by using the clear tillage method or the clear tillage method.
Basal fertilizer is applied before falling leaves after fruit harvesting. Generally can grasp the standard of pounds. Autumn basal fertilizer is beneficial to root healing and growth, but also conducive to restoring vigor
And accumulate storage nutrients. After the application of irrigation once permeable. Top dressing According to the characteristics of pear tree fertilizer, before flowering, after the basic stop of new growth, and the rapid expansion of fruit
Sub-applications. Before flowering, fast-acting nitrogen fertilizer is the main fertilizer, which has a certain effect on improving fruiting rate and promoting the growth of foliage. Wang Changshu may not use this fertilizer.
The combination of the three top dressing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements has a good effect on promoting flower bud differentiation and fruit enlargement. The third time dressing is mainly to promote fruit enlargement
And tree body accumulates storage nutrients.
The amount and proportion of the three elements in the fertilizer were summed up in a number of studies and suggested that 0.4 kg of phosphorus and 0.2 kg to 0.3 kg of phosphorus were required per 100 kg of pear fruit.
Potassium 0.4 kg. The abundance of phosphorus and potassium in the soil is uneven and can be adjusted according to specific conditions. In trace elements, pears have a certain amount of calcium and boron
The demand, especially the pear varieties, lack of calcium, or the imbalance of nitrogen and calcium, can lead to the occurrence of physical diseases such as wood scab, and boron deficiency can reduce the fruit rate.
Fertilizer should be added.
2. Irrigation and drainage pears require large amounts of water, and areas with uneven distribution of rainfall during growing seasons require irrigation to ensure high yields. Dry heat in the Jianghuai area
Seasonal and July-April high-temperature season, drought often occurs, causing leaf wilting and fruit drop, sand pear is also prone to grapefruit muscle disease and other physiological disorders. During these periods
All should ensure that the water supply is good. Pear gardens lacking irrigation conditions should strengthen security measures.
Pear trees are more resistant to water, but excessive water in the soil, poor drainage, will cause wet damage, cause root activity to decline, plant growth is blocked, and even death
. The rainy season should be drained in time to reduce the water table.
3. Artificially assisted pollination of individual orchards where the variety is single and the pollination tree is insufficient or misconfigured often results in a reduced fruit rate, and the pollination tree should be replanted as soon as possible, or
Highly pollinated varieties. As a temporary measure, artificial pollination may be carried out, or flowering branches may be placed on the flowering tree
Plug in the can and hang it on the tree). In addition, pollination can be artificially assisted when the weather is bad during flowering. Pollen collection should be at 20C ~ 25C temperature conditions, then set
Store in a cool dry place. Artificial pollination had the best effect within 3 days of the beginning of the pear flower, but it was about 1 week before and after the whole tree. After 3 hours of general pollination, there is rain, and the impact is not
Big.
4. Sparse fruit trees or fruit trees are often too large, and fruiting rate is high, which can easily lead to the phenomenon of size and annual results. Thinning and fruit thinning are regulated growth
With the results, prevent the size of the year, increase the fruit, and achieve effective measures for high yield and stable production. Compared with fruit thinning, thinning is more conducive to promoting the early shape of pear leaf area
to make. Sparse flowering takes place during the inflorescence separation period to the early flowering stage, including the sparse inflorescences and sparse flowers. Shuguo begins two weeks after Xiehua and finishes around mid-May. Thinning fruit
The standard is calculated based on the ratio of fruit to fruit, approximately (3 to 4): mutual. The strong tree school can reduce the ratio of technology to fruition (2 to 2.5):1, conversely, weak trees can improve
The standard is (3.5 to 4):1. According to the ratio of leaf to fruit, duck profile (15 to 20): 1, snow profile (20 to 30): 1, sand pear system species (25 to
30): 1, Ba Liang is (30-40): 1. The method of chemically sparsely flowering and fruiting pears is not yet mature enough for production.
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