Sesame pollution-free cultivation techniques

Sesame is one of the major high-quality oil crops in China. It is rich in nutrients and has a wide range of uses. It is an integrated oil, feed, medicine, food, and chemical industry. It is a traditional foreign exchange earning product in China and is very popular in domestic and foreign markets. In order to improve the quality of sesame and meet the requirements for the production of pollution-free agricultural products, the following operating procedures should be mastered during cultivation. 1 The base chose to choose a place far away from the industrial and mining enterprises (outside of 5km), no industrial “three wastes”, a rich soil, abundant light and heat resources, and a diverse ecological environment. The environmental quality of the atmosphere, water, and soil is in line with the environmental quality standards of a pollution-free agricultural product production base. 2 Environmental Requirements 2.1 Temperature sesame is a thermophilic crop. Accumulation of temperature should be 2500°C～3000°C in a lifetime. When the accumulated temperature index is lower than 85%, seed yield and quality will be seriously affected. The optimum temperature for seed germination is 18°C～22°C; the optimum temperature for seedling growth is 20°C～24°C; after sesame blossom, the temperature requirement is above 24°C, lower than 16°C～18°C, affecting the growth and development. Caused by poor organ development; flowering to the top of the cap at 28 °C ~ 30 °C under high temperature conditions, is conducive to higher yields. 2.2 Moisture sesame is a crop that is afraid of drought and drought, especially poor waterlogging resistance. Waterlogging damage is the main factor causing low and unsteady sesame yield. Seed germination is suitable for about 15% soil moisture content, more than 24% germination rate decreased. Water in seedling stage and bud stage should not be too much to prevent the formation of weak seedlings and reduce plant resistance; the water requirement during flowering and seedling stage is the largest, accounting for 53% of the entire growth period, and it is very sensitive to moisture, fearing drought and drought, this period We must do a good job of preventing waterlogging and drought; the water requirement for the cap period should be reduced, which accounts for 19.7% of the total water requirement. Generally no irrigation is needed during this period. 2.3 Illuminated sesame seeds are short daylight hi-light crops. The entire growth period requires sufficient light, and short days can promote bud initiation and flowering and shorten the growth period. 2.4 Soil nutrients Sesame soil has strict requirements on the environmental conditions of the soil. It is necessary to select high-dry terrain, good irrigation and drainage, fertile soil, loose texture of sandy loam soil and light loam soil, the former has no sesame planting or rotation for more than 3 to 4 years, ph value of 5.5～ 7.5, 10cm soil salt content does not exceed 0.3%, organic matter content 1.5% above, there is ample supply of nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer, especially phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can better improve the yield and quality; on boron, zinc, manganese, molybdenum and other trace elements There is also a certain demand. 3 Cultivation techniques 3.1 Variety selection Choose pest resistance, lodging resistance, suitable for local high-quality, early maturing, abundant species, such as Zhongzhi, Yuzhi and other series of varieties. 3.2 Seed selection standard grain shape shows the natural characteristics of this species, the seed purity is above 98%, the grain is full and full, even and clean, no spots, insect eyes, mildew, germination rate is more than 90%. 3.3 Soil preparation Fertilization The sesame seed is small, the top soil is weak, and the soil preparation quality is relatively high. It must meet the requirements of intensive cultivation, fine soil crushing, deep plowing, virtual reality, smooth ground and good lye. Summer sesame preparation has two kinds of “ploughshares” and “iron shovels”, which can be used flexibly according to the morning and night, soil moisture content and soil texture. Combining soil preparation with a rate of 667 m2 per area, the best quality farmyard manure 2000-3000 kg, superphosphate 20-30 kg, and urea 5 kg are used as the basal application. 3.4 Properly dense planting of single stalk type 10,000 square meters per 667 square meters density, row spacing (23 ~ 40) cm17cm wide and narrow row or 23cm23cm row spacing planting; branch type 6000 ~ 8000 strains is appropriate, according to the density requirements Increase the row spacing. 3.5 timely sowing in Huaibei sowing date from May 20 to June 10 is appropriate, generally no later than June 15. After wheat is harvested, timely robbers must be sowed in time, mainly in the form of drills, 0.5 kg per 667 m2, seeding depth 2 to 3 cm, dry weather, lack of soil, suitable for deep seeding, but not more than 5 cm. Immediately cover the ground, crushed soil, to facilitate the rapid emergence of seed germination. 3.6 Field management 3.6.1 Seedling replanting Summer sesame seeds are sown 5 to 6 days after sowing. If they cannot emerge in time or are incompletely emerged, they should immediately check the causes and take measures. Serious seedlings must be replanted early; if seedlings are seedlings lacking, the same species should be used to regenerate and replant seedlings in a timely manner; in the case of a few seedlings, seedlings can be transplanted and planted. Rain after sowing should be within 3 ~ 4d after sowing, with a rake rake 1 ~ 2 times, remove the compaction, help the seedlings unearthed, the time to break the board earlier, better sensation, pressure should be light, so as not to cause artificial seedlings. 3.6.2 seedlings and seedlings after seedlings and seedlings, usually in the first time when the first leaves of a true seedlings, the distance between the seedlings to Dingdao distance of 1/2 is appropriate, 2 to 3 pairs of true leaves when the second seedlings, and It is not appropriate to set seedlings at a predetermined time, especially when the pests and diseases are severe, and the frequency of seedlings should be appropriately increased. When the seedlings grow steadily, the seedlings will be set again. When seeding seedlings, we must sparsely leave strong, and leave the number of seedlings as planned. 3.6.3 Cultivated tillage The cultivator is effective in promoting the growth and high yield of sesame. Generally, 1 row of true leaves and 2 to 3 pairs of true cultivars and branching periods should be cultivated once, and the cultivator depth should be determined according to the growth stage of sesame, soil moisture and weeds, combined with the last cultivator, and the cultivation of roots. In order to facilitate drainage and irrigation, prevent waterlogging and drought. Sesame grows in the high temperature and rainy season, the ground is easy to build up in the rain, there are also many weeds, and it must also be done. “After the rain, there will be grass on the ground” and it will not be carried out until the flowering period. 3.6.4 Scientific growing sesame has a short growth period, requires large amounts of fertilizer, and is concentrated. On the basis of applying base fertilizer, fertilizer should be topdressed in a timely manner. The first flowering stage is generally replanted with 1 bud fertilizer, 667 square meters of urea is applied 4 to 5 kg or ammonium bicarbonate. 8 ~ 10kg, mixed with potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 ~ 2kg or compound fertilizer 4 ~ 5kg. In addition, the spraying of 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.2% borax solution for 2 to 3 times during the flowering period combined with pest control leaves can significantly increase the number of pods per plant, grains of pods and 1000-grain weight. 3.6.5 Timely topping Generally, 25-30 days before the maturity of flowering, the top growth point is removed in the sunny morning. 4 Pest Control 4.1 Major Diseases and Control Methods The sesame diseases that occur year-round are mainly wilt disease, bacterial wilt, and disease. Comprehensive control methods: 1 selection of disease-resistant varieties. 2 Rational rotation, appropriate sowing. 3 Qinggou drainage to prevent waterlogging. 4 Do a good job of drug control in three periods. At the sowing time, use 50% carbendazim WP 5g to mix seed 500g; before emergence, use 70% thiophanate-methyl or anti-drying 500-600 times spray; spend 40% every 667 square meters Carbendazim glue suspension 100 ~ 150g water spray, spray every 7 ~ 10d 1, even spray 2 or 3 times. 4.2 Major Insect Pests and Control Methods The main insect pests are ground tigers, aphids, and sesame moths. Comprehensive prevention and control methods: 1 Adopt agricultural measures such as early sowing, eradicating weeds, and eliminating pests. 2 black light traps and other physical control. 3 Use chemical agents such as trichlorfon, imidacloprid, and chrysanthemum for chemical control. 5 The timely harvested plants turn yellow or yellow-green, the leaves almost completely fall off, the top of the stem is 4~6cm yellow, the bottom 2~3 rows of pods have cracked, the middle pods are full, and the seed coat presents intrinsic color, which is suitable Harvest period. After the harvest, it is necessary to pack the sun in small bundles to ensure that the grains are white and the quality is good.

Soy Sauce Flavored Kimchi

Soy Sauce Flavored Kimchi,Spicy Sauce,Kikyo Flavored Spicy Cabbage,Radish Flavored Spicy Cabbage

Yanbian Jingangshan Food Co., Ltd , https://www.ybjgsfood.com