Melon interplanting soybean is a cultivation technology which is the core content of melon seedling transplanting, transplanting, interplanting soybean and covering it with plastic film. The innovation of this technology lies in changing the traditional habit of a quarter and achieving two harvests of melons in cold seasons. Its cultivation techniques are as follows:
1 Melon seedling raising technology
The seedling age of melon seedlings is about 35 days, and the sowing time is reasonably selected according to the local planting time. Commonly used nursery methods are greenhouses, greenhouses and small sheds. The melon seedlings need certain techniques. During the seedling raising period, attention should be paid to the deployment of good nutritious soil, the management of temperature and humidity should be well controlled, and the prevention of diseases and insect pests should be taken care of.
1.1 Configuration of Nutrient Soil Nutrient soil requires loose, fertile, disease-free eggs and grass seeds. The configuration method is: First, take a certain amount of high-quality vegetable garden soil or bean field soil for composting, after the seeds have fully germinated, sifted and used again, and the farmyard manure is fully cooked. Conditional preparation of some ash, pay attention to preservation, do not get wet. Then mix soil and fertilizer at a ratio of 7:3, and add 3 to 4 pounds of N, P, and K ternary compound fertilizer per cubic meter.
1.2 Seeding Techniques First of all, seeds are sown before sowing. Seeds that are not full and mixed seeds are removed. The fullness and purity of the seeds are increased. The seed is sown for 4 to 5 hours on the day before sowing to increase the permeability of the seed coat and the enzyme. Activity, increase seed germination rate and germination potential, lay the foundation for the cultivation of strong seedlings. Roots of melons are not suitable for transplantation and can be directly broadcasted in nutritious boxes containing nutrients of 88 or 810 to reduce root damage. Each box is broadcasted with 1 or 2 pellets. After the soil is covered, a suitable amount of water is poured and then sealed with a dip film.
1.3 Temperature and Humidity Control
The temperature is preferably maintained at 30°C during sowing and emergence, and warming measures such as seedbed grass and cow horse dung can be adopted. Immediately after emergence, the film outside the nutrition box was peeled off. The daily temperature is then maintained at 22°C to 25°C and the night temperature is maintained at about 18°C. One week before colonization, the ventilation was increased and the temperature gradually decreased to facilitate the adaptation of the seedlings to the external environment as quickly as possible after planting.
Seeding to the emergence of the general does not need watering, after the emergence of the ground to see dry see wet, when the seedlings really leaves began to expand, the ground see dry, can be used sprayer appropriate water spray, with the increase of seedling age, the outside temperature increases, generally Every 3 ~ 5 d pouring water, in order to reduce the evaporation of water, sprinkle some fine sand on the ground to reduce the humidity inside the shed. It can prevent the occurrence of damping-off and damping-off. Watering was stopped 5 days before planting and the seedling strength was increased.
2 Melon colonization technology
2.1 The fine soil preparation ridging should be straight, there should be no big earthworms to pull, and the roots should be picked up. If there are residual roots, on the one hand, the mulching film is lax. On the other hand, the membrane is easily scratched by the roots and affects the quality of the coating. Run through the wind. During soil preparation, soil preparation should be carried out to minimize damage to soil aggregate structure. At the beginning of May, the land was sprinkled and sprinkled evenly. If no sprinkler facilities were provided, small water in the ridges was flooded.
2.2 timely cover film to be soil moisture suitable for machinery when the film to cover the ground, under normal circumstances, spray irrigation today, tomorrow covered; flood irrigation today, the day after the film. One side of the film is to moisturize on the one hand, and on the other hand to increase the temperature of the ground.
2.3 Timely colonization of the membrane After 5 to 7 days, when the ground temperature stabilizes to 5°C to 6°C, drilling and colonization will generally begin on May 10 to May 15. The age of 4 to 5 leaves was used as the seedling age, and the appropriate depth for planting was that the soil worm was buried in the planting hole. The distance between the points is 38-40 cm, and the hole is first set by the colonization device when implanting. The specifications of the hole punch are 10cm in depth and 8cm in diameter. If the hole is too large, the mulch is damaged; if it is too deep, the effective cultivation technology of watermelon melons will cause the soil sag to fall when it is planted; After the well is punched, use a water pipe to inject a certain amount of water into the hole. After the water seeps, place the melon seedling in the planting hole, and then pour the appropriate amount of water to soften the soil, so that it can be soothed and rooted as soon as possible. Finally, using a soil-plotting shovel to dig soil around the seedlings, strictly preventing the wind from running. If the seedlings are of different sizes, the large seedlings will be planted in a centralized manner when the plants are planted, the small seedlings will be planted in a centralized manner, and the young seedlings will be improved in fertilizer and water management so that the ages will be the same as soon as possible, which will facilitate the management in the following periods. In addition, some seedlings should be left when planting, generally 20 ~ 30 acres of planting seedlings after the colonization of 3 ~ 4 d check field fill seedlings to facilitate the whole seedlings.
2.4 Post-planting management
2.4.1 Immediately after the 3 to 4 days after the planting of the tip, after the completion of the post-cultivation, the tip of the plant is promptly tipped, and 4 to 5 true leaves are reserved when the tip is pointed, less than 4 true leaves or the late leaves that are damaged when the leaves are planted. Should be mastered, in order to grasp the size of the hand is appropriate, such as the tip of a premature sputum, sputum is not complete; too late sputum tip, empty consumption of nutrients, affect axillary bud growth, it will affect the development of the child wrist. For this reason, you must be prompt, otherwise the losses caused cannot be compensated. After tipping to prevent bacterial invasion, fight once again with chlorothalonil and incorporate aphid to prevent aphids.
2.4.2 Pruning The bifurcation or trigeminal pruning method is selected based on the melon cultivar and the melon habit. After tipping, the main stem leaves 4 to 5 leaves of the leaves and the axillary buds grow out of the lateral branches. According to the pruning method, the buds can retain their robustness when they get started, and the excess is removed. 7 d can be operated. 10 ~ 15 d after the main stem tip is promptly twigs at the 2 to 3 leaves of the lateral branch, so that the melon can grow quickly in the early morning.
2.4.3 Fertilizer and water management More water is needed during fruit set and fruit enlargement. Each fertilizer can be combined with water. Once for the first time, manure is applied to 1000 kg per acre. The hole is applied farther away from the root and the second time is three acre per acre. Yuan compound fertilizer 15 ~ 18 kg.
2.4.4 Prevention and control of diseases, pests, and rats After the planting, the main prevention and control of various pests and diseases, in the 5th and 6th months, the main anti-downy mildew, aphids and leaf miners, with Redo Mirga Precise against downy mildew once a week, continuous Spray twice better. The main prevention and treatment of powdery mildew in late June, with Tsui Bay even twice, once a week, each mu of medicine 1.5 to 2 pots of medicine. At the end of June and July 10, mice were mixed with rice and sprinkled with anti-rat pests around the plot.
3 Soybean Interplanting Technology
One week after pruning, the cultivars can be planted with soybeans. Usually around June 10th, the variety of soybeans is selected based on the accumulative temperature zone, and the second accumulated temperature zone is selected for the 100-day growth period. This year's test was Heihe 19.
The interplanting method is a pair of melons interplanting a soybean, sowing 4 to 5 pellets per hole. Soybean can not be overly thick. If the soybeans do not show signs of emergence after 4 days, the topsoil can be scratched off.
Soybeans are interplanted and sprayed once to facilitate whole seedlings. After emergence and time seedlings, leave 3 robust seedlings per hole.
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