Iron stick yam is the best variety of Chinese yam. It is not only a common ingredient, but also a precious Chinese medicinal material. It has the functions of lowering blood sugar, nourishing kidney and improving essence. Today, Xiaobian said that the iron bar yam cultivation technology is for the reference of the majority of growers.
1. Breeding
Iron stick yam uses asexual breeding.
(1) Iron rod yam
1 Iron rod yam Halo, also known as iron stick yam plant, is a section of the root of the iron yam yam with buds.
2 When the iron yam is excavated at the beginning of autumn and winter at the beginning of each year, the yam with short neck and short buds is full, strong and disease-free, and the upper cage is folded 15-20~m long and weighs 40-60g.
The cage under 3 folds is placed in a ventilated place for one week, or it is sun-dried to make the section wound heal and then stored indoors.
4 iron sticks yam bridles received from the species, separated by 4-6 months, when the indoor temperature is lower than 0 °C, it is necessary to cover the straw and other things to prevent freezing, to be taken out in April of the following year, after sorting, it can be used as a planting plant. Planted in a well-prepared land.
(2) Iron stick yam section (bulk head plant)
1 In the case of insufficient iron bars and yams, the iron yam section can be used instead.
2 In the month before planting, the tubers of yam yam were folded into segments at 10-15 cm, each weighing 60-80 g.
After 3 minutes, the iron yam section of the iron bar is soaked for about 30 minutes with 600 times 50% carbendazim + 48% lesbian 1000 times.
4 The iron yam yam section is planted at about 15-20 days later, so it should be buried in wet sand before planting.
(3) Source of improved species
After 3-4 years of use, the yam plant is degraded, and the yield and quality are significantly reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a breeding base for breeding.
1 Breeding and breeding, use the iron yam cultivar cultivated in Jiaozuo origin to ensure quality and authenticity.
2 breeding plants use zero surplus (yam bean).
3 When the iron yam leaves are yellow in the end of October each year, choose a large, round, no damage, no pests and diseases, mix the wet sand, put indoor winter storage, take out the sun before and after the clearing of the next year, and then plant it.
2 Site preparation and land preparation
(1) Conventional planting techniques
1 New land is generally deep in the winter before drying (do not disturb the soil layer), planting iron sticks yam need to deepen 80-90cm, planting and breeding needs to deepen 40-50cm.
2 In the spring, when the soil is prepared, 100kg of high-quality decomposed farmyard manure is used, 100kg of decomposed cake fertilizer, 50kg of high-quality nitrogen, potassium and ternary compound fertilizer is used as the base fertilizer and soil preparation is carried out.
(2) Ditching planting technology
The iron bar yam ditch planting: First, the yield, quality is good, the commodity rate is high, and the benefit is good: Second, the investment is not much (250-300 yuan per mu) and labor saving; the third is to broaden the choice of soil texture and expand the planting area; Fourth, the widening of line spacing is conducive to field management;
1 Ditch planting: the general line spacing is 90cm, the ditch depth is 80-120cm, and the natural ridge is 30-35cm high ridge.
2 Set a line before ditching, then apply fertilizer on the line, apply 100Kg of high-quality dry chicken manure, 50Kg of compound fertilizer and 30Kg of potassium sulfate.
3 It is strictly forbidden to use nitrate nitrogen fertilizer in fertilization.
3 timely seeding
(1) Planting can be carried out when the temperature of 5 cm is stable at 10 °C, generally from April 10 to April 20.
(2) Planting density of iron yam 7000-8000 plants/mu, plant spacing 10X70cm. After the sowing, cover the soil 3-5cm and protect it.
(3) After the iron stick yam is planted, it is necessary to dig the drainage ditch around and connect with the outer ditch, especially the ditch planting is more important to ensure that the drainage in the rainy season is smooth and does not collapse, improving the yield and commodity rate.
4 Field management
(1) Scaffolding
The iron stick yam frame is good for ventilation and light transmission, increase production and reduce pests and diseases. Generally, after emergence, the rods can be racked up to a height of about 1.5 meters, one per plant, and cross-stacked at a distance of 1-1. 2 meters from the ground.
(2) cultivating alfalfa
After emergence, weeding should be timely to avoid competition with iron stick yam for nutrients. In the early stage, it can be manually removed.
(3) Watering at the right time
Before the planting of the iron yam yam, the bottom water is poured once. When the lyrics are insufficient after planting, the small water can be replenished to ensure the normal emergence of the yam. After the yam is full, it should be combined with topdressing for watering. Pay attention to the watering before the autumn. It should be small to promote the roots. After the autumn (in mid-August), you can pour a large water (also called the head water) to benefit the iron yam. Inflated. Ditch planting application sprinkler irrigation to prevent collapse.
5 Prevention and control of pests and diseases
The diseases that harm yam are mainly anthracnose, stem rot, chalk disease, nematode disease, black spot disease, etc. The pests are mainly underground pests and leaf bees. The key to flood control is prevention, the establishment of agricultural measures and chemical control; and the reduction of damage caused by pests and diseases.
(1) Halter disinfection: Before planting, choose bright color, thick and no disease spots, 15-20cm long cage head, 60% carbendazim 600 times before and after germination and 48% lesben 1000 times dilution dipping ditch 30 minutes Remove it from the left and right to dry, and kill the nematodes and other pathogens on the plant.
(2) Field control: After entering July, it is a period of occurrence of various pests and diseases, and it is necessary to carry out prevention and control work of pests and diseases in time. The initial stage of the disease is a critical period of medication.
1 Anthracnose with 65% mancozeb 500-600 times solution, or 700% methyl thiophanate 800 times solution, spray 2-3 times every 7-10 days interval to treat white rickets.
2 stem rot can be sprayed with 40% sclerotia 500-800 times solution, combined with 50% carbendazim 400-500 times solution root irrigation, a total of 2-3 times every 10 days. In the hot and rainy season, the water in the field is removed in time to increase the number of spraying.
3 Control leaf bees should be sprayed with pyrethrin in the 1-2-year-old larvae.
(3) It is forbidden to use pesticides 30 days before harvesting.
(4) It is forbidden to use pesticides prohibited by the state during the prevention and control of iron stick yam pests and diseases.
6 Harvesting and processing
(1) Harvesting time, the leaves can be harvested after the frost falls, and they can also be harvested during the winter.
(2) At the end of the harvesting at the end of the iron stick yam; dig the deep groove of 70-80cm, then carefully excavate the iron stick yam to prevent damage, and go to the upper cage to store the soil, and the rest. It is processed into iron stick mountain tablets and iron stick yam powder in sequence.
(3) When storing, the iron yam yam and the broken section of the finished product shall be treated with quicklime powder to prevent decay, and stored in a cool and ventilated place at 2 °C - 5 °C.
The above is the planting technology of the iron stick yam. I hope to help you. The yam can be eaten fresh or processed into agricultural and sideline products. The market demand is stable and the planting risk is small.
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