Release date: 2018-07-02
According to foreign media reports, a one-way trip to Mars needs to worry about many problems. Do you have enough sunscreen to protect against deadly cosmic radiation? Is there enough water there? What if the partner assigned to you doesn't like you? In an article published in the June 19 issue of the British Journal of Surgery, the researchers raised a thorny issue: infectious fluids floating during surgery.
According to the paper titled "Surgery in space," escaped blood, urine, and feces are just a few of the many complex problems that astronauts face during space surgery. Researchers from the University of Pittsburgh and King's College Hospital in London have reviewed the academic literature for 60 years and have provided the most comprehensive summary of possible complications from space surgery.
“In long space travel, future astronauts or colonists will inevitably encounter a range of common conditions,†the researchers wrote in this review. “New conditions may be caused by long-term weightlessness, cosmic radiation exposure. And trauma, etc.. At least for now, humans are not prepared to deal with these problems.
There are many things in space that can harm astronauts, but there are currently not many ways to deal with them. The researchers wrote in the review that the current method of handling sudden medical incidents on the International Space Station involves sending astronauts back to Earth as soon as possible.
If you are on Mars, returning to Earth for treatment is obviously not a good idea. According to calculations, even under the best conditions, the journey to Mars takes about nine months. It is also unrealistic for doctors on Earth to perform remote surgery through medical robots. "The distance between Earth and Mars is 78.2 million kilometers, meaning that the radio signal communication delay anywhere is between 4 and 22 minutes," the researchers wrote.
If there is a need for surgery in space, it must be done by trained people. This in itself can also cause problems. For beginners, the space available for existing spacecraft is too small to accommodate everything a small hospital has. “It will be impossible to carry the equipment needed to handle every kind of space illness,†the researchers wrote.
Previous research has suggested that one of the ways to solve this problem is 3D printing. Instead of launching a spacecraft carrying all of these known medical tools, it is better to create a database that includes all 3D print templates for medical tools. In this way, the astronaut doctor can print out the tools needed when needed.
Floating stomach
Surgery itself is a challenge. In order to counter the microgravity environment on the spacecraft, the patient must endure the body being restrained. Body fluids oozing from open wounds after the patient is fixed will be another more difficult challenge.
“Because of the surface tension, blood tends to collect and form ball-shaped droplets under the destruction of the device,†the researchers wrote. “These droplets float from the surface of the body and spread throughout the cabin. , the potential biological hazard."
To make matters worse, when the patient is fixed, if there is no gravity, the patient's intestines cannot be fixed in place and may float and rest on the patient's abdominal wall. This increases the risk of the patient's intestine being accidentally removed during surgery, and gastrointestinal bacteria may escape into the patient's body and the spacecraft environment.
One way to avoid contamination of blood and other bodily fluids is to place the patient in a "sealed compartment" that is isolated from the rest of the spacecraft. Researchers say the cabin may be in the form of a special "traumapod", a sealed medical compartment built into future spacecraft.
Humans still have a long way to go before these new problems are resolved. At present, space agencies around the world are striving to find solutions in this area. NASA has conducted telemedicine trials in an underwater laboratory that simulates a space environment. Several laboratories are working on stem cell-based drugs that may help astronauts automatically regenerate bone and other tissues in a microgravity environment. With enough innovative methods, space, the final boundary of medicine, will one day be conquered by humans. (任天)
Source: Sina Technology
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