“Rural drinking water safety is a worldwide problem. There are about 600 million people in the world who do not have access to safe drinking water, and 80% of diseases in developing countries are directly related to drinking water. China’s rural population is large, constrained by natural and social conditions, and the dualization of urban and rural areas. Development and drinking water safety issues are very serious.†Hu Meng, deputy director of the Water Conservancy and Hydropower Research Institute of the Ministry of Water Resources, pointed out at the Summit on Drinking Water Safety Smart Solutions held on the 3rd that China’s total water resources are relatively abundant, but per capita water Resources account for only 28% of the world's per capita, and are uneven in time and space. In addition, there are also pollution problems. With the rapid development of global climate change and socio-economic development, the current situation of China’s water issues is severe, and security and security are facing great challenges.
According to Hu Meng, the government has attached great importance to the difficulties in rural drinking water and unsafe drinking water. Since entering the 21st century, the government has successively implemented rural drinking water and rural drinking water safety projects and achieved remarkable results. Hu Meng pointed out that at the end of 2011, there were 58.87 million rural water supply projects in China with 812 million people; 924,500 centralized water supply projects and 549 million people with water supply; 57.95 million scattered water supply projects, 263 million people with water supply; and rural water supply With a rate of 62%, it is expected to reach 75% in 2015. Since 2005, the drinking water safety of 520 million rural residents and 47 million rural school teachers and students has been solved. It is expected that by the end of 2015, the proportion of rural centralized water supply will increase to over 80%, and the tap water penetration rate will reach 75%.
However, while fully affirming the major achievements made by rural water use, Hu Meng also pointed out four major problems and challenges that currently exist: First, the degree of water supply guarantee for some projects is not high: some early-stage engineering construction standards are on the low side; some engineering water sources Changes in conditions; partial project water supply is too small, the protection capacity is low. Secondly, the water supply water quality assurance ability is relatively low: the protection of rural drinking water sources is relatively weak; some of the projects are not equipped with facilities for purification, disinfection, and water quality testing, and some people are still affected by traditional drinking habits; the professional quality and technical level of management personnel are not high. . In addition, the long-term operation mechanism of the project needs to be further improved: a few counties have not established county-level engineering construction management institutions; many local project operation management systems are still not perfect; rural water prices are generally lower than full-cost water prices, and some are lower than operating costs. A few do not charge water fees. Finally, the economic society has accelerated the development of new requirements for rural water supply.
It is understood that China's national conditions, water conditions, regional conditions and the stage characteristics of development have determined the complexity, long-term, and arduous nature of our country's solution to rural drinking water problems.
Hu Meng said that China’s national conditions have determined the long-term nature of rural drinking water safety issues. First of all, China is still in the basic national conditions of the primary stage of socialism for a long time, and it is determined that rural water supply is a long-term development process. Second, China's rural water supply industry has just started, and narrowing the gap with the level of water supply in developed countries is a long-term process. Third, rural drinking water source protection is difficult, engineering scale is small, construction standards are low, technical strength is weak, and management is difficult. It will take a long time to reach the urban water supply standard. Fourth, it is neither realistic nor possible for rural water supply to reach the level of water supply in developed countries or cities in the short term, and conditions are not permitted; however, it cannot be developed too slowly and must meet the growing living needs of rural residents.
In this regard, Hu Meng suggested that, first of all, the country is currently working on the establishment of the "13th Five-Year Plan" for consolidating and upgrading drinking water in rural areas. It will mainly promote the three major projects of water source engineering, water plant construction, and pipe network, including capacity building. We must improve the “four ratesâ€. The first is the water supply guarantee rate, the second is the water quality pass rate, the third is the centralized water supply rate, and the fourth is the tap water penetration rate. Around the "four rates", we must achieve "four modernizations." The first is the integration of urban and rural water supply, the second is the scale of centralized water supply, the third is the standardization of engineering construction, and the fourth is the marketization of operation management.
Second, implement the local government responsibility system. Strengthen local management responsibilities, implement accountability, strengthen leadership, and increase input.
Third, innovation mechanism system. It mainly includes four aspects. One is to establish a water quality inspection center for all counties and a water plant laboratory for water plants. The second is the implementation of automated monitoring to achieve efficient and sophisticated supervision. Third, emergency water supply, emergency response plans, emergency response teams, emergency supplies, and emergency water sources. In terms of mechanism, water supply management measures have been introduced at the national level to locate the attributes of rural water supply. Establish a water supply agency, build investment financing, and establish a water protection system. Sound water pricing mechanism. To establish a financial subsidy mechanism, a multi-level management system should be established in the grass-roots management system.
Fourth, increase scientific research. It mainly includes four aspects. First, through technological innovation, regional water quality guarantees are strengthened, such as regional treatment of excessive fluorine water; second, the protection and allocation of water sources are strengthened; third, the establishment of a long-term operating mechanism; and fourth, the establishment of emergency water supply guarantees. .
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