How to change the big hospital to see experts difficult, hospitalization is difficult, small hospitals can be ridiculous, resources are idle? How to establish a medical service system with scientific layout, reasonable diversion, and efficient operation? The reporters learned in Beijing, Shanghai, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Fujian, Jiangsu and other places that since the promulgation of a series of important documents such as the “Guiding Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Promoting the Construction of Classified Medical Treatment Systemâ€, all localities have regarded grading diagnosis and treatment as an important factor in promoting medical reform. And even the key links, innovative measures, sound guarantees, comprehensive improvement of grassroots service capabilities, optimization of medical service system, grading diagnosis and treatment system in line with social needs and health laws have emerged in various places, and formed a series of experience measures worthy of summarization and promotion, the masses are The benefits of treatment, service targeting, and cost burdens have actually yielded a reform dividend.
The people are voluntarily "sinking" when they see a doctor.
The reporter found that the people's willingness to seek medical care at the grassroots level has increased, the trust and satisfaction of primary health care services have rebounded, and the concept of medical treatment has begun to change.
With the policy and resources to the grassroots level, to the remote rural areas, the basic medical facilities and levels have been significantly improved. In the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period, Qidong City of Jiangsu Province invested 32 million yuan to purchase medical equipment such as color ultrasound, DR, and automatic biochemical analyzers for township hospitals, and built 269 standardized village health service stations. The original diagnosis and treatment environment was greatly improved. The software and hardware of grassroots health service institutions are optimized, and the service capability is greatly improved.
In Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, the community health institutions are organized by the government for the construction and medical group integration management, and cooperate with the community in hardware construction, expert consultation, personnel teaching, and information interconnection. Yan Limin, director of the Zhenjiang Dawn Community Health Service Center, said that the city is no longer just a "patent" of a large hospital. The center has a daily outpatient volume of four to five hundred people. "We have nearly 400 kinds of western medicines and nearly 500 kinds of traditional Chinese medicines, which can fully meet the needs of patients with chronic diseases."
Last year, Shanghai Community Health Service Center treated more than 84.5 million person-times, more than one-third of the total number of emergency hospitals in the city. It is close to the total number of hospitals in tertiary hospitals, especially 58.6% of the total number of elderly patients in the city. According to estimates by the health department, due to the outpatient consultation fee reduction and drug zero rate policy of the community health service center, the “extension prescription†drugs are issued at the community health service center, and the average out-of-pocket payment for residents can be reduced by 7.03 yuan. It also saves money.
Lu Mingqiang, a 71-year-old resident of Shiye Town, Zhenjiang City, said: "In the past, regardless of major illnesses and minor illnesses, they had to go to the city. Now the old problems and minor problems have been solved at home. The facilities are not cheap to see a doctor." Pagoda Community Health Service Center nurse Chen Guimei told reporters that the doctors and patients are familiar with each other. The residents have nothing to do to measure blood sugar and blood pressure, and chat with doctors and nurses. Many elderly patients with chronic diseases love to go to the center.
The grassroots floor is connected, the hospital is willing to let go, and the two-way referral "rusty gear" begins to rotate. The reporter learned from several provinces that with the deepening of the cooperation between tertiary and secondary hospitals and health service organizations, the trend of patients with severe illnesses and common diseases, frequently-occurring diseases, and chronic diseases returning to secondary hospitals and community health service centers .
Beijing has opened a two-way referral green channel in 38 medical associations. As of the end of October last year, there were 146,357 person-ups, 24,502 person-times, 4,884 experts, and 1,134 doctors in the lower hospitals. Chen Yong, executive director of Chaoyang Hospital, said that patients in primary hospitals can see “big experts†in the community, and can also transfer to large hospitals through “green passagesâ€. After the surgery is completed, they will be transferred to primary hospitals for rehabilitation.
PCR ( Polymerase Chain Reaction)
It provides a way to make more copies of a portion of DNA.
We need to have PCR ingredients that include DNA portion, Buffer solution, Primer+DNA (tap polymerase), and Nucleotides during the preparation step.
In the step of PCR sequence, there are three steps in this section.
Step 1 Denaturation
The addition of heat is needed to separate the two strands of the DNA molecule.
Step 2 Annealing
Temperature, is going to be cool in this step, should allow the primers to bind to the specific segments.
Step 3 DNA Synthesis
To make more copies of the DNA.
Those three steps above keep repeating to make enough copies of the DNA fragments. It is the principle of how PCR machine works.
SARS-Cov-2, One test type that uses a sample from a nose or throat swab in a 'PCR test'. The goal is to make enough copies of the viral cDNA in order for it to be detectable.
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