Water-soluble fertilizers, referred to as water-soluble fertilizers. It is defined as liquid or solid fertilizer that is dissolved or diluted by water and used for purposes such as fertigation, foliar fertilization, soilless cultivation, and seed soaking.
As a multi-component fertilizer, water-soluble fertilizer can dissolve quickly in water, and is more easily absorbed by crops. Its absorption and utilization rate is relatively high, and it can solve the nutrient requirement for high-yield crops during the fast growth period. Especially in the facility agriculture, it is combined with micro-sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation to achieve water and fertilizer integration to achieve water and fertilizer integration. With the increasing shortage of water resources, the application of water-soluble fertilizers has become one of the measures for increasing efficiency and increasing farmers' income.
Water soluble fertilizer types and standards
Water-soluble fertilizers can be divided into a large number of elements water-soluble fertilizers, trace elements water-soluble fertilizers, water-soluble fertilizers containing humic acid, water-soluble fertilizers containing amino acids, etc. The Chinese agricultural industry standards have clear requirements on the quality of related fertilizers.
Numerous elements of water soluble fertilizer
A large number of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are the main elements. In accordance with the proportion suitable for plant growth, liquid or solid water-soluble fertilizers made of trace elements of copper, iron, manganese, zinc, boron, molybdenum, or calcium, magnesium are added. The product standard is NY 1107-2010. This standard stipulates that the content of macro elements in solid products is ≥50%, the content of trace elements ≥0.2-3.0%, the content of macro elements in liquid products ≥500g/L, and the content of trace elements ≥2-30g/ L.
Medium element water soluble fertilizer
From the calcium, magnesium medium element in accordance with the proportion suitable for plant growth, or add the appropriate amount of copper, iron, manganese, zinc, boron, molybdenum trace elements made of liquid or solid water-soluble fertilizer. The product standard is NY 2266-2012. The technical index of the product is: liquid product Ca≥100g/L, or Mg≥100g/L, or Ca+Mg≥100g/L. The solid product Ca ≥ 10.0%, or Mg ≥ 10.0%, or Ca + Mg ≥ 10.0%. This standard was formally implemented on June 1, 2013.
Trace element water soluble fertilizer
A liquid or solid water-soluble fertilizer made from trace elements of copper, iron, manganese, zinc, boron, and molybdenum in proportions suitable for the growth of plants. The product standard is NY 1428-2010. The standard provides that the trace element content of solid products is ≥10%; the trace element content of liquid products ≥100g/L.
Amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer
With free amino acids as the main body, according to the proportion required for plant growth, liquid or solid water-soluble fertilizers made of trace elements such as copper, iron, manganese, zinc, boron, molybdenum, or calcium, and magnesium are added, and the products are classified into trace elements and There are two types of calcium. The product standard is NY1429-2010, and the free amino acid content of trace element type amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer is not less than 10% and 100g/L for solid and liquid products respectively; the total content of at least two trace elements is not less than 2.0% and respectively. 20g/L. Calcium type amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizers are also available in both solid and liquid products. The indicators are the same as the trace element types. Only the calcium content, solid and liquid products are not less than 3.0% and 30g/L, respectively.
With humic acid and water soluble fertilizer
Water-soluble fertilizer containing humic acid is a water-soluble fertilizer containing humic acids. To meet the proportion of humic acid required for plant growth, add a suitable amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, or copper, iron, manganese, zinc, boron, molybdenum trace elements made of liquid or solid water-soluble fertilizer. Humic acid is a class of natural organic macromolecules formed by the decomposition and transformation of organic substances such as animal and plant residues and geochemical processes. It is extracted from peat, lignite and weathered coal, which can stimulate plant growth, improve soil fertility, and improve Nutrient availability and crop resistance. The product standard is the agricultural industry standard NY1106-2010. The product standard stipulates that the humic acid content of a large number of elemental solid products is not less than 3%, and the content of a large number of elements is not less than 20%; the humic acid content of a large number of elemental liquid products is not less than 30g/L, and the content of a large number of elements is not lower than 200g/L; the humic acid content of the trace element solid product containing humic acid is not less than 3%, and the trace element content is not less than 6%.
Other water soluble fertilizers
It is not within the scope of the above five water-soluble fertilizers to implement other water-soluble fertilizers with fertilizer efficiency that are of corporate standards. Generally, there are many organic water-soluble fertilizers, including: fertilizers such as alginic acid, chitin, chitooligosaccharides and other extracts as the core raw materials.
Application method of water soluble fertilizer
Water-soluble fertilizers are not only diverse in variety but also flexible in application methods. There are generally three methods.
Drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation and soilless cultivation
In some extremely dry areas, large-scale plantations, and high-quality, high-value-added cash crops, people often use drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, and soilless culture techniques to save irrigation water and increase labor productivity. At the time of irrigation, the fertilizer has dissolved in the water, and the watering is also the process of fertilization, ie the integration of water and fertilizer. At this time, the nutrients needed by plants can be obtained through water-soluble fertilizers, which can save water, save fertilizer, and increase labor efficiency.
Soil watering
When the soil is watered or irrigated, it is first mixed in the irrigation water so that the roots of the plant can come into full contact with the fertilizer and transport the chemical nutrients into the tissues of the plant through the respiration of the roots.
Foliar fertilization
The water-soluble fertilizers are first diluted and dissolved in water for foliar application, or dissolved in water together with non-alkaline pesticides for foliar spray and enter the plants through leaf stomata. It is an optimal choice to correct the deficiency of nutrients when some young plants or poorly rooted crops show symptoms of nutrient deficiency, greatly improving the efficiency of fertilizer absorption and utilization, and saving the transportation process of plant nutrient elements in plants.
Water soluble fertilizer application notes
Small amounts are important principles for rational application of water-soluble fertilizers. A small amount of multiple fertilization is consistent with the characteristics of uninterrupted nutrient absorption in the plant roots, and can also reduce the leaching loss caused by a large number of one-time fertilization. When applying water soluble fertilizers, pay attention to the following items:
Fertilizer should be ready for use
Fertilizers must be ready for use, especially if the water quality is not good enough to prevent the fertilizer components from reacting with the water.
Pick the right fertilization time
In the case of high temperatures on sunny days, fertilization should be selected before 10 o'clock in the morning, and after 4 o'clock in the afternoon, fertilization under strong sunlight should be avoided; fertilization should be avoided on rainy days, especially foliar spraying to avoid fertilizer loss.
When applying water soluble fertilizer to drip irrigation, first drip water
When applying water soluble fertilizer to drip irrigation, drip water first. After the pipes are filled with water, fertilization begins. Immediately after the completion of fertilization, water is dripped for 20 to 30 minutes, and all the remaining fertilizer in the pipeline is discharged. If the tube is not washed, moss, algae, etc., or microorganisms may be grown at the dripper to clog the dripper.
When mixing, pay attention to the pH and whether it will cause flocculation
In the case of irrigating or foliar spraying with pesticides, it is necessary to avoid the mixing of acidic fertilizers and alkaline pesticides, and the mixing of alkaline fertilizers with acidic pesticides. At the same time, we must pay attention to whether flocculation occurs during mixing. If the flocculation occurs, it is forbidden to use it.
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