I. Soil requirements and crop rotation system
Long cowpea has wide adaptability to soil, but it is better to use loam or sandy loam rich in organic matter, good drainage, deep soil, and loose. Neutral or slightly acidic. The acidity is too strong and lime can be used to improve the soil. Cowpeas should not be used as a continuum. Try to choose the plot where water has been grown early or where cowpea has not been cultivated for years.
Second, species selection
According to the local consumption habits, different seasons to choose different varieties, such as the early spring to choose the early birth king, the special early 30, 28-2 and so on. The most cultivated area in the country is Chungbao Chunbao, which accounts for about 70%, and is suitable for cultivation in the summer.
Third, the cultivation period and methods
The general sowing time is from late February to mid-August. Before April, seeding should be covered with plastic film and small sheds. When the temperature is high at noon, the film on the small shed can be peeled off in time to prevent scald seedlings. Cover it well to prevent chilling. When the temperature rises, the bean seedlings touch the small arch shed and promptly remove the small arch shed. After sowing in April, it advocates the use of mulch film to cover cultivation, which has the function of keeping fertilizers and protecting fertilizers and reducing the growth of weeds. In the spring, soil temperature can be raised and growth can be promoted, and in the summer, the root system can be protected from rainwater and the disease can be reduced.
IV. Fertilization for soil preparation
After the harvest of the former crop, the land will be deep-rooted in time, and after freezing, it will help destroy the bacteria and eggs and mature the soil. Due to the long harvest time of kidney beans, Rhizobium is underdeveloped. Applying basal fertilizer is an important guarantee for achieving high yields. Generally, every 667m2 is used for composting 2000-2500kg of pig fat, 15-20kg of compound fertilizer and 1.5-2kg of borax.
Fifth, sowing
Dry seeds are generally used for sowing and sunny and warm weather should be selected for seeding. Due to the strong growth potential of long pod beans, the planting should not be too dense, the pods should be 1.5m wide, planted 2 lines, and the hole spacing should be 0.25-0.3m. Each hole should be sown with 3 to 4 seeds.
Sixth, vines and pruning
When the long kidney bean grows to 5 to 6 leaves, it can be used for scaffolding. The frame type generally adopts the in-line type (compare wind resistance), that is, one bamboo stem (2 to 2.3 m in height) is inserted into each plant, and it must be timely after insertion. Artificially assisted introduction of vines, it is best to choose sunny afternoon, at this time the stem vine is more flexible, not easy to be broken during operation. Wrap the vine in a counterclockwise direction around the bamboo pole. At this point, the stalks should be timely positioned on the poles with rice straw. Before the plants are full, it is generally necessary to artificially assist the vines 3 to 4 times. The side branches below the first tidbits are all wiped out, and the old leaves and the field leaves in the lower part are promptly removed to reduce the pests and diseases.
VII. Adding fertilizer
The long harvest period of long cowpeas and the reasonable increase of stubborn manure can increase the yield. Generally, the first inflorescence is applied with a fertilizer after sitting on the fruit, and then applied once every other week, and 10 to 15 kg of nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer is applied per 667 m2. During each harvesting period of 2 to 3 times, spraying 1%-2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate on the foliage can increase the thickness and color of the leaves, extend the harvest period, and effectively increase the rate of scarring.
VIII. Pest Control
Kidney beans have more pests and diseases, and endanger root rot and pods. The root rot was irrigated at the base of the plants or rooted by 1500 times the 70% enemy pine or 1000 times the root rot. The first irrigation was started 7-10 days after emergence. Each strain of 0.25kg of medicine, irrigation once every 7d, even irrigation 3 times. Soybean meal can be used 1.8% worm light milk 2000 ~ 3000 times, 25% Fermented milk 1000 times, 5% inhibit Tai Bao and 5% stuck 1000 ~ 1500 times from the bud period
Sprinkle once every 10 days, the morning spray effect is good.
Nine, re-application of flowering fertilizer
Advantages of adventitious buds and latent buds of cowpea promote the re-differentiation of flower buds. When the cowpea was picked to the top, the flower buds of the buds and pedicels of cowpea were re-differentiated, and the flower buds and pods were replanted by reapplying flowering manure and management. The effect of flowering fertilizer application was not as early as promoting flowering, and the plant of cowpea had begun to decline after the application. Generally, one set of red roads is added per acre. Under normal circumstances, 3 to 4 flowers can be redistributed on the original peduncle.
Tenth, protect the flower handle of kidney bean
To carry out the floricultural cultivation, the pedicels of cowpeas must not be damaged or damaged when they are picked, otherwise the flower buds will no longer be differentiated.
Eleven, timely harvest
Ingestion of tender pods generally takes 10 to 12 days after flowering, full pods, crispy tissue, and no white softening, and grain harvesting is not suitable when the grains are not revealed. When harvesting, it is necessary to prevent strains from remaining inflorescences. Batch harvest, timely listing.
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