November 7 is the "starting winter" solar term, indicating that it is beginning to enter the winter season. Standing and constructing also means that the winter begins from then on; winter means ending, and there is a meaning to be collected after the crop is harvested. After entering the winter season, the temperature dropped sharply and became colder. The daily sunshine time gradually decreased. The thermophilic vegetables grown in greenhouses have been pulled. For cold-tolerant leafy vegetables, it is necessary to seize the opportunity to manage pre-harvest; the autumn and winter vegetables grown in the solar greenhouse are growing at a prosperous time, especially cold air comes early this year. The temperature dropped significantly, and field management must be strengthened to prevent cold and freeze.
Chinese Cabbage and Radish Harvesting
As the saying goes: “If you don’t cut vegetables in the winter, you must suffer.†Chinese cabbage must be chopped and harvested in time before being frozen, and heading south for drying for 2-3 days and then refurbishing and selling; After being air-dried, it will be protected against freezing and freezing. The roots will be piled up and stored in round piles with the head facing outwards. When the outside temperature falls below 0°C, they will be stored in the pit. Radishes and carrots should be harvested before the frost arrives. Twist the rice dumplings, cover them with tweezers, keep them free from freezing and heat, dig up the storage pits in advance, and store them in the pits from November 15th to 20th; openly planted celery and rapeseed Vegetables, cabbage, black cabbage, parsley, and other leafy vegetables must also be harvested before and after the winter to prevent freezing. Such as cabbage, celery, parsley, etc. can not be sold, you can take a burial method to store, until December - next January to pick up and then listed, not only a balanced listing, but also increase the sales price.
Pulling and harvesting of vegetables in autumn greenhouse
Tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers, eggplants and other thermophilic crops grown in the autumn greenhouse must be pulled in time, and the unripe tomato fruits can be stored in the greenhouse; the cabbage, spinach, lettuce, lettuce, rape and other crops with good cold resistance The measures for insulation and cold-proofing should be done well, and the air inlets and doorways should be closed strictly. In the night, a 1-meter-high grass curtain or old insulation should be kept warm around the booth, and timely harvested in the best commodity period.
Solar greenhouses measures cold insulation
Analyze the insulation performance of the greenhouse carefully, and take measures to prevent the cold and heat insulation of the door and window, the back wall, and the back roof.
â– good wall and rear roof insulation
As soon as possible, the exhaust holes and ventilation holes on the rear wall and the east and west sides of the wall shall be sealed with straw or other insulation materials such as straw. In order to ensure the effect of preventing cold, the straw with the same thickness as the wall shall be filled. The back wall is too thin for the greenhouse with poor thermal insulation performance. The outer wall of the back wall is covered with a layer of old straw or 10 cm thick polystyrene board, and earthing can be adopted to enhance the insulation performance. The insulation performance of the rear roof has a great influence on the temperature in the greenhouse. Due to the effect of perfusion and heat dissipation, the temperature in the greenhouse will be reduced too quickly. For such greenhouses, a 10 cm thick polystyrene board should be added on the inner side of the rear roof, or Cover 2-3 layers of old straw or insulation on the outside.
â– Set the cold ditch
Dig 30 cm wide and 40 cm-50 cm deep cold protection trenches outside the south side of the greenhouse and fill in the straw or leaves. A 10 cm thick, 50 cm deep polystyrene board can also be embedded in the front of the greenhouse to insulate and protect against cold.
â– Install door curtains and windshields at the entrance
The doorway is a passage for air-conditioning and easy access to the interior. Two heat-insulating curtains should be installed at the entrance of the workroom and at the entrance to the greenhouse. The effect of blocking the cold air with two double-opening curtains is good. A 1.5-meter-high and 4-5-meter-long wind-proof agricultural film is installed on the south side of the walkway at the entrance of the greenhouse to block cold air from affecting crop growth and reduce the amount of cold air brought into and out of the shed during management operations. A 1.5-meter-high, 3-5-meter-long wind-proof agricultural film is installed at the entrance of the shed, and the ground must be tightly closed to block cold air from entering the greenhouse.
â– Keep the lower part of the south greenhouse warm
The lower part of the south side of the greenhouse is a place where cold air can easily come in. A 1-meter-high agricultural film is installed on the lower surface of the south side of the greenhouse; at the south side of the greenhouse, a 1-meter-high old straw curtain or thermal insulation is placed on the south side of the greenhouse. Being, can play a certain role in insulation and cold protection.
â– Choose suitable agricultural film and insulation material
Agricultural membranes use EVA membranes with a thickness of 0.1 mm or more and have a function of anti-fogging. The POD or POP and PEP functional membranes can be used in the conditional greenhouses. When the thermophilic crop button film is used, two or more vents are required. That is, the coverage of the three greenhouse films is conducive to the growth of crops. The polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film should not be used in the greenhouse where eggplant is grown and in the greenhouse where organic food is produced. Insulation is more than 2 cm thick and has a waterproof function; grasshoppers require thick, evenly distributed, weight requirements of about 3.5 kg per square meter. Insulation materials that do not meet the above criteria should be covered in double layers in late November to improve the insulation effect.
â– Apply reflective film to improve lighting
A 1.5 meter wide reflective film is suspended behind the greenhouse or on the south side of the walkway to increase indoor light and promote crop growth. If the reflective film is hung on the back wall, although the effect of increasing light can be increased, the heat storage function of the back wall will also reduce the indoor temperature at night.
â– Take emergency measures in extreme cold days
In case of extreme cold weather in winter, use the temporary emergency measures such as installing a Yuba or air heating line, multi-layer covering in the shed (two layers of agricultural film or non-woven fabric in the shed at night), and electric hot air heater to increase the ground temperature and room temperature. Crops should not be frozen and should be purchased in advance and installed in advance to prepare for urgent needs.
â– Popularize straw reactor to increase ground temperature
Before planting, dig trenches 60-70 cm deep and 25-30 cm deep under the cultivating crucible, fill in 2500 kg-3000 kg of straw per acre, and sprinkle 8 kg of special microbes per acre on the straw. Cover soil 20 centimeters, irrigated with water, and plant vegetable crops 10 days later. Straw will gradually decompose under the action of microorganisms, which can increase the soil temperature above 2 °C; It can also increase the indoor carbon dioxide concentration; Improve the physical properties of soil, increase air permeability and Water holding capacity.
Sunlight greenhouse warm vegetable management
For greenhouse grown autumn tomatoes, cucumbers, eggplants, sweet peppers and other autumn and winter warm and warm crops, to adjust the appropriate temperature, light, air humidity and other growing environmental conditions, in particular, to increase the light, the shed film should always scrub and clean, Increase the light transmittance; timely ventilation and ventilation, strengthen pruning, auxiliary pollination, sparse fruit thinning, water application of scientific fertilizer, timely control of pests and other management, to promote plant growth robust, multi-results, good fruit.
Greenhouse cold vegetables are sowed or planted in batches
Lettuce, rapeseed, spinach, leeks, cauliflower, cherry radish, fennel, oil and wheat and other fast-ripening vegetables and root vegetables can be sowed or planted in batches to supply the winter market one after another. Among them, spinach, fennel and cherry radish are directly sowed; lettuce, rapeseed and capsicum are transplanted by seedlings. For crops such as celery, radish, cabbage, and cauliflower that are already in the growing season, proper field management, cultivating loose soil, top dressing, watering, pest control and other field management work should be done.
Fresh ground root leeks timely frozen water
The overwintering winter spinach, shallots and other overwintering roots and leeks are used to freeze the water and cultivating loose soil. The frozen water is best suited for the timing of “freezing and freezing at night†(that is, freezing in the ice at night and opening during the day). After thawing the frozen soil, the cultivator loosens the surface cracks formed by watering and ensures that the seedlings safely pass through the winter.
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