Release date: 2015-10-16
TrapX released a research report on hacking in three hospitals. Hackers used attack vectors to attack hospital systems . Researchers called this method called medical device hijacking (MEDJACK). Attack vectors are a means by which hackers attack computers or network servers. Attack vectors can help hackers find any vulnerabilities that might exist in the system. Researchers have warned that medical device hijacking will bring a catastrophic storm to major medical institutions around the world. The MEDJACK attack vector may be the "weakest link in the hospital."
TrapX also found that in the three independent hospitals they surveyed, there were many security vulnerabilities in various medical devices , including X-ray equipment, image archiving and communication systems (PACS), and blood gas analyzers (BGA). However, there are still many devices that are immune to MEDJACK, including diagnostic devices (PET scanners, CT scanners, MRIs, etc.), therapeutic devices (infusion pumps, medical lasers and LASIK surgical devices), and life support devices (hearts). Lung machine, medical ventilator, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation machine dialysis machine, etc.
Attack hospital blood gas analyzer
The report shows that blood gas analyzers are commonly used in intensive care or surgery. According to a hospital that did not want to disclose its name, they have a very strong network defense product and have not detected any attacks so far. However, TrapX found that after the virus software invaded the blood gas analyzer, the hacker easily opened the back door of the hospital network through the internal transmission of the network. Even more shocking is that hackers have quietly sneaked into the European Community where confidential data is stored. TrapX also found that the virus software of Zeus, Citadel and other worm variants lurked on medical devices to steal other hospital passwords. TrapX believes that the next step for hackers may be "invading a workstation in the hospital's IT department."
When the TrapX lab team used a Novartis Biomedical CCX (Critical CareExpress) device to reproduce the attack in a simulated attack environment, they were surprised to find that all of the hospital's data was not encrypted. At the same time, the researchers found that once hackers set up a backdoor on our blood gas analyzer or any other medical device, they could manipulate the unencrypted data storage and transmission devices at will. In summary, TrapX's experimental team believes that the attack vector of MEDJACK may distort or change internal data.
The report explains that, on the one hand, medical devices are closed devices, are too old, are often modified, and their operating systems may be vulnerable, such as Windows 2000, Windows XP and Linux. This is why, on a global scale, the MEDJACK attack vector provides a highly vulnerable target for hackers. Firewalls can't easily detect and fix such attacks.
On the other hand, hackers still have an open door. Hackers can enter the network and bypass existing firewalls. They have a time window to invade medical devices and create a back door in the protected port. Although hospitals often install firewalls behind their medical devices, internal networks running anti-virus software and other anti-intrusion security endpoints, TrapX says, “Medical devices are a key hub for hacking medical networks.†The medical technology team has no access to medical devices. The internal software, so they can only rely on the manufacturer to establish and maintain the security of these devices. However, manufacturers have not yet developed effective software to detect most of the payload generated by MEDJACK attacks.
Sideways attack hospital radiology
In another hospital, hackers took different attacks and they used network transmission to find other targets . But this horizontal transmission comes from the Image Archiving and Communication System (PACS), which allows radiology to store and access images from multiple sources. These image sources include CT scanners, MRI scanners, portable x-rays (c-arms), x-ray and ultrasound equipment. The PACS system also attempts to play a botnet and connect to commands and controls. In a hospital in Guiyang, China, hackers invaded an important nurse station through horizontal transmission and stole a large amount of confidential data from the hospital. When working in a hospital, the medical staff is actually using a website infected by a virus.
Invasion hospital X-ray system
According to TrapX's observations, in the third real-world attack, the key components of medical equipment are infected with the virus . The hacker installed a back door in the hospital's X-ray system. According to Carl Wright, general manager of TrapX, "Our scientists have observed that you can simulate a set of attacks, design several models for specific medical devices, and then launch an attack. In this design process, you can combine diagnostics. And the difficulty of treatment, as well as high-value medical data, create a near-perfect target for organized offenders."
Remote attack hospital drug pump
Hackers' attacks on medical devices such as insulin pumps and pacemakers can be fatal , leaving the Fed forced to intervene to protect wireless medical devices from hackers. A few years later, the US Department of Homeland Security conducted an investigation into 24 deadly medical devices with network defects. Now, there are more bad news about loopholes in the medical device field. For example, in the drug infusion pump program, hackers can use remote control to change the dose of the drug to a lethal dose. Security researcher Billy Rios found that at least five models in Hospira's drug infusion pump system were vulnerable, he told Wired, Wired. "This is the first time we have discovered that we can change the dose of the drug."
After testing the infusion pump, Rios found the defenses of these five modes very fragile: the standard PCA LifeCare infusion pump, the PCA3 LifeCare and PCA5 LifeCare infusion pumps; the infusion pump's Symbiq line and the Plum A+ mode infusion pump. Wired added that at least 320,000 Plum A+ mode infusion pumps are installed in hospitals around the world. Although Rios has not detected vulnerabilities in other modes, he suspects that the company's Plum A+3 mode infusion pump, Sapphire mode and SapphirePlus mode infusion pumps have different levels of vulnerability.
Source: cnbeta website
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