At present, the strawberry production enters the nursery period. According to the monitoring situation of the strawberry disease in the past years, it is currently in the initial stage of various diseases. With the gradual increase of temperature, the occurrence of diseases will be more pronounced. Therefore, relevant prevention and control work needs to be carried out as soon as possible. With the gradual expansion of the strawberry planting area, the contradiction between land swaps and fixed facilities has become increasingly prominent. Combined with the high multiple cropping index in strawberry production, continuous cropping obstacles have become more apparent. In particular, soil-borne diseases have become increasingly serious, and strawberry anthracnose and roots have become increasingly serious. Phytophthora rot is the two most common soil-borne diseases that occur during the seedling production of strawberry. Virus disease is a common disease in the strawberry seedling production process. However, because of its latent infection characteristics, strawberry plants cannot express symptoms quickly and are often neglected in production. Therefore, strengthening the prevention and control of strawberry virus disease is also a problem. One of the important links in strawberry seedling production.
Strawberry anthrax
â—†Main symptoms
Strawberry anthracnose mainly damages the leaves, petioles, stipules, stolons and other parts. The stolons were heavier than the leaves, followed by the leaves. The lesions on the stolons and petioles were initially spindle-shaped and depressed, and when expanded into dark brown rings, more than the lesions wilted and died. In addition to causing local lesions, the disease can easily cause the wilting of the whole plant of strawberry seedlings. The initial 1-2 pieces of the diseased leaves lose their ability to droop, and they return to normal in the evening or on a cloudy day. As the disease progresses, the whole plant dies. Observing the cross section of the rhizome, it can be seen that local browning occurs from the outside to the inside.
â—†The law of onset
Strawberry anthrax is caused by fungi. The optimum temperature for pathogenic bacteria infection is 28°C-32°C and the relative humidity is above 90%. It is a typical high temperature and high humidity type pathogen. After late May, when the temperature rises above 25°C, the young tissue of the strawberry stem or near the ground is vulnerable to pathogenic bacteria. From July to September, germs spread quickly and rapidly under conditions of high temperature and high humidity. In particular, continuous continuous rain or rain after 2-5 days of strawberry continuous cropping fields, old remnant leaves, excessive nitrogen fertilizer, young plants, and poor ventilation and lightening of the seedlings are severe, and can cause devastating losses in a short period of time.
â—†Control technology
The use of agricultural facilities to prevent rain and substrate seedlings; when the weather is fine during the day, it is necessary to increase the intensity of ventilation to reduce the greenhouse temperature and humidity; timely removal of diseased leaves, diseased stems, dead leaves, old leaves and diseased plants, and carried out destroy.
Pharmaceutic control of open field nursery should be sprayed when the stem begins to elongate, 50% prochloraz 1500 times, 10% difenoconazole 1000-1500 times, 40% dibromobaclofen (PCC) Wettable powder 1500 times, 80% mancozeb 800-1000 times, 70% thiophanate-methyl 800-1000 times, 25% azoxystrobin 1000-1500 times, interval 7 days, total defense 2 - 3 times; should pay attention to alternate medication, delay the emergence of drug resistance, spray liquid should be uniform, can improve the control effect, continuous rainfall and then turn to the eye should be immediately prevented.
Strawberry root rot
â—†Main symptoms
The strawberry root lesions appear red-brown, and the raspberry farmers image it as the "red pillar" root rot. Root susceptibility begins with the nascent roots and lateral roots, and the roots gradually appear dark brown or black. With the development of the disease, the root system rapidly necrosed and the leaves yellowed and died.
â—†The law of onset
Strawberry root rot is also a fungal disease. Pathogens generally survive in the soil. They are transmitted by soil and seeds. They use hyphae and chlamydospores to overwinter in the soil and can spread by irrigation water or rain in the coming year. The spring and autumn seasons are often susceptible to the onset of diseases. The soil temperature is low and the humidity is high. The ground temperature is 10°C, which is the temperature at which the disease develops. The watery, poor permeability clay soil root rot occurs more severely.
â—†Control technology
Agricultural disease prevention uses disease-free, robust seedlings; cruciferous vegetables turn crops for rotation; apply adequately decomposed organic fertilizer; cultivator to avoid root injury, reasonable irrigation and fertilization.
Chemicals used for control of Pythium oligodisferens 2000-3000 times, 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times, 98% hymexazide wettable powder 2000 times, or 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 600 times Irrigation, irrigation 250 ml per plant, once every 7 days, continuous rooting 2-3 times.
Strawberry virus disease
â—†Main symptoms
When strawberry is infected by monomeric virus, the symptoms are not obvious. After being invaded by the complex, the main performance is weak and degenerate. The new leaves are not fully developed, the leaves are small, dull, the green and yellow, shrink and twist; the plants are dwarfed. , Small fruit set, small fruit, low yield. The common strawberry virus disease mainly has the following four kinds:
Strawberry infected with strawberry mottle virus disease had no obvious symptoms. When combined with other viruses, strawberry plants were seriously dwarfed, the leaves became smaller and chlorotic spots appeared, and the leaves were wrinkled and twisted.
Strawberry plants are slightly dwarfed when strawberry yellowish virus disease alone infects, yellowing or chlorosis of leaves, yellowing of old leaves, dwarfing of plants, irregular rolling-up of leaf margins, sinuate veins or full leaves. distortion.
Strawberry mosaic virus disease had no obvious symptoms when infected alone. After compound infection, the veins shrunk and the leaves twisted. At the same time, yellow-white or purple spots along the veins were formed. The petiole also had purple spots, the plants were extremely dwarfed, and the occurrence of stolons was reduced. , production and quality decline.
Virus infection caused by strong strains of Strawberry Crinkle Virus virus resulted in dwarfing of strawberry plants, irregular yellow spots on the leaves, distortion, reduced number of stolons, reduced reproduction rate, and reduced fruit size; when combined with mottle virus Serious dwarfing of the plants, combined with the infection of the light yellow edge virus, will lead to a significant reduction in strawberry production, or even out of production.
â—†Control technology
Once the viral disease of strawberry is contagious and the condition is aggravated year after year, it is difficult for a single agent to prevent and cure the disease. Comprehensive control measures must be taken to achieve better results.
Agricultural control
1 When introduced, strict removal of diseased seedlings is not introduced from the seriously afflicted area or the severely affected field, and the strawberry is regularly updated. Usually it needs to be updated once every 3 years. In areas with high virus infection rates, virus-free vaccines can be updated once a year. Not interspersed with Solanaceae crops that infect strawberries.
2 The selection of disease-resistant varieties of strawberry varieties is different, its resistance to viral diseases is not the same, in the cultivation, in order to reduce the incidence of virus disease or slow down the damage, should use stronger varieties.
3 Use of non-toxic seedlings The selection of non-toxic seedlings is a cost-effective measure to prevent and treat strawberry virus disease. At the same time, strict disinfection should be performed before strawberry cultivation. In general, while the rooting powder is immersed in the roots, the daidzin ammonium is added at a ratio of 0.1%, or the strawberry plants are soaked with a thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 1000 times for 5 minutes.
4Strengthen cultivation and management Pay attention to the cleanliness of the field, promptly remove the litter in the strawberry field, do well in the field of irrigation and weeding; use organic fertilizers, apply chemical fertilizers reasonably to promote robust growth of strawberries; strengthen field inspections, and immediately discover Remove the diseased plants; eradicate the old disease garden completely, and rotate or fallow properly.
Chemical control
Spraying 1% lentinan liquid 150-250 ml/mu or 2% amino oligosacchine 300-450 times liquid at the early stage of disease has a certain inhibitory effect on viral diseases. Can also be sprayed with 10% Ning Nanmycin wettable powder 1000 times, or 20% hydrochloric acid morpholinium copper wettable powder 4000 times, once every 7 days, continuous spraying 2-3 times, pay attention to rotation medication .
Drug-mediated mediator control
Starting from the seedling stage to prevent and control disease
1 Agricultural control The timely removal of old leaves and diseased leaves from strawberries and removal of weeds from the greenhouse.
2 physical control In the ventilation position set insect nets; yellow traps in the greenhouse to kill, each greenhouse with 10-20 pieces, hanging height slightly higher than the plants 10-20 cm, trapping and killing winged aphids, regular replacement.
3 Biological control In the early stage of locust occurrence, the ladybugs were released in the field, and 100 ovum (20 eggs per card) per acre was used to kill the locusts. Pay attention to the protection of natural enemies such as grasshoppers, food flies, and bees.
4 chemical control can choose 1.5% pyrethrin water emulsion 80-160 ml / mu, 0.6% matrine water agent 600-800 times, 25% thiamethoxam (Aketai) water dispersible granule 3000-5000 times liquid, 1.8% of avermectin emulsifiable concentrate 1000-1500 times or 22% of floxamidine (Teflon) suspension 7000-8000 times foliar spray, pay attention to rotation medication. Pay attention to pesticide safety intervals so as to avoid drug resistance and phytotoxicity.
Nematode control methods
A strawberry garden suspected of being transmitted by a nematode virus can be treated with 35% Weibaimu (water) agent for soil fumigation. It can also be used for high-temperature sunlight sterilization in midsummer from June to August to kill soil nematodes and prevent nematode infection.
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