Finding a way to effectively overcome tumors has long been a goal pursued by researchers. One of the biggest difficulties lies in the widespread heterogeneity of tumors, not only in tumor tissues, but even in the same tumor type, between different patients. Great difference. The latest two independent studies show that scientists can find a personalized approach to cancer treatment from cancer patients themselves - a personalized cancer vaccine, both of which were published in the journal Nature.
In the process of rapid growth and proliferation of cancer cells, it is often too late to repair the errors that occur during DNA replication. Therefore, many new mutant proteins appear, called new tumor antigens. Early studies suggest that the mutations carried by most of the tumor's new antigens have no effect on the growth of tumor cells and are neglected by-products. With the deepening of research, scientists have recently discovered that even if the mutations in the same cancer patients are different, the new antigens are different and can be recognized as specific markers by immune cells. The principle of personalized tumor vaccines lies in: to find the right medicine by looking for the mutations unique to each patient. For example, both A and B patients carry a mutation in p53, but patient A carries the x+y mutation, while patient B carries the m+n mutation; then activates the immune cells against “x+y†for cancer cells carrying the “m+n†mutation. it is invalid. Therefore, the tumor vaccine realizes the true individualized precise treatment by discovering the tumor antigen new antigen specifically expressed in the patient, and then individually activating the immune system.
Research results bring new hope to cancer treatment
Two research teams from the Dana-Farber Cancer Center in Boston, USA and the University of Mainz, Germany, published an article entitled "An immunogenic personal neoantigen vaccine for patients with melanoma" and "Personalized RNA mutanome vaccines mobilize poly-specific". The article "Therapeutic immunity against cancer" demonstrates a major clinical breakthrough in the "personalized vaccine" for cancer.
Both projects first sampled and sequenced patient tumor tissue samples and used their own unique algorithms to predict which mutations are most likely to cause an immune response. Then, a polypeptide fragment-based and RNA-based vaccine was developed and studied in high-risk groups with advanced melanoma stage 3 or 4 in the middle and late stage.
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