Release date: 2016-04-13
Image source: medicalxpress.com
The fate of immune cells is usually determined when cells begin to divide. In a research paper published in the international journal Nature , researchers from St. Jude Children's Research Hospital found that the immune system plays different roles. The generation of progeny cells may be driven by the asymmetric distribution of the signaling protein c-Myc, and "pushing" the c-Myc protein in one direction or the other may help develop efficient vaccines or advanced cancer immunotherapy.
Asymmetric division of cells produces two cells with different characteristics, and the type of cell division is also necessary for the production of multiple cell types, and the type of cell division in the body's development is also critical; For the same daughter cells, the cells usually undergo asymmetric division to produce daughter cells that play different roles. Taking active T cells as an example, researchers have already known that a daughter cell will transform into a rapid division effect T. Cells, and this effector T cells will quickly attack the body's infectious pathogens and external threats, while the other daughter cells will become slowly dividing memory T cells, which will act as sentinels for the body. Provide long-term protection, but the mechanism is currently not clear to the scientists about the specific mechanism and causes of the above process.
Researcher Douglas Green said that in this study we revealed how the regulatory protein c-Myc directly affects the fate and role of active T cells during asymmetric division, and we also elucidate the mechanisms by which asymmetric division of cells is established and maintained. By studying cells cultured in the laboratory and cells in the mouse, the researchers found that during the asymmetric division of active T cells, high levels of c-Myc protein are accumulated in one of the daughter cells, in which cells The function of c-Myc protein is like drinking a cup of coffee, which can promote the rapid proliferation of effector T cells. In comparison, progeny cells carrying low levels of c-Myc protein play the role of memory T cells. When the mouse body encounters a threat again, the cell will proliferate rapidly to eliminate the threat.
At the same time, the researchers also identified special metabolic and signaling pathways that can serve as positive feedback loops to maintain high levels of c-Myc protein, thereby promoting effector T cells to maintain their roles and functions while interfering with specificities in the system. The components interfere with the production of c-Myc protein, thereby altering the fate of T cells and triggering effector T cells to function as memory T cells. Researcher Green said that based on current research, we may be able to manipulate the body's immune response by regulating the production of c-Myc protein in one direction or the other, which is a late-stage development of highly effective vaccines or advanced T-cell immunity. Therapy to treat cancer or will provide new hope.
c-Myc is an important transcription factor that regulates the expression of multiple genes and plays an important role in cell growth and differentiation. Excessive or inappropriate production of c-Myc is a marker of cancer; Studies have shown that the protein c-Myc can drive cell metabolism changes after T cell activation, and the reprogramming of cell metabolism can induce the proliferation of effector T cells.
In this study, researchers discovered a variety of metabolic changes in cells that help regulate cell division, proliferation, and differentiation. Through a series of experiments, the researchers revealed how to control the system by modifying c. -Myc protein production affects the fate of T cells; when daughter cells or active T cells appear to have different fates, researchers can change by increasing or decreasing c-Myc production by controlling cellular metabolism or regulatory pathways. The fate of different daughter cells.
Asymmetric division of cells is an important driver for studying basic biochemical processes in cells, such as early embryonic development and self-renewal of stem cells. Finally, researchers say that similar control mechanisms may exist in other asymmetrically dividing cells, such as Stem cells of the digestive system or the nervous system.
Source: Bio Valley
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